Impact of Social Media Use on Mental Health

Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this project was to investigate whether social media use by adolescents and young adults has an impact on their mental health, including depression and anxiety. The question we asked was “In adolescents and young adults, what is the impact of social media on mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety)?” Background: Around the world, more than 300 million people suffer from depression, with many of those also suffering from anxiety. In addition, WHO suggests that depression and anxiety have a major economic impact, costing the global economy US$ 1 trillion each year in lost productivity. Recent statistics indicate the close to half of teens age 15-17 say they are on the internet “almost constantly”. More than nine-in-ten are social media users. Many have raised concerns on social media today and its effect on mental health and general functioning of adolescents and young adults. Research has been done to determine if there is a correlation between social media use and depression and anxiety in this same group. Conclusion: Evidences clearly states that there is a correlation between the increased use of social media by adolescents and young adults and increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. Efforts should be made to educate health care providers about the link in their adolescent clientele. Nurses can be instrumental in improving mental health outcomes through screening and education

Evidence for the presence of A1 adenosine receptors in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats

1 Isolated aortic rings (endothelium-intact and -denuded) from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used in this study to examine the vasoactive e ects of various adenosine analogues. 2 In phenylephrine contracted aortic rings, concentration-response curves were constructed by cumulative additions (10711 ±1075 M) of (2S)-N6-[2-endo-Norbornyl] adenosine (ENBA), N6- cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), R-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl) adenosine (R-PIA), 2-p-(-2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino-5'-N-thylcarboxamido adenosine (CGS-21680). 3 A non-speci®c adenosine receptor agonist 2-chloroadenosine (CAD) resulted in biphasic response with a small contraction at lower concentrations (1079 ±1078 M) followed by a signi®cant relaxation at higher concentration in endothelium-intact SHR tissues, suggesting presence of both A1 and A2 adenosine receptors in SHR aorta. However, only relaxation was observed in WKY. 4 Contractile response in SHR had the following rank order of potency: ENBA4CPA4R- PIA4CAD. The relaxation response in SHR and WKY had the following rank order of potency: CGS 216804CAD4R-PIA4CPA4ENBA. 5 Removal of endothelium abolished the adenosine analogue induced contractions in SHR aorta and attenuated the vasorelaxation responses in the WKY and SHR. 6 The contractile response in SHR was abolished by A1 adenosine receptor antagonist N6- endonorbornan-2-yl-9-methyladenine (N-0861). A2 adenosine receptor antagonist, 3,7-dimethyl-1-proparglyxanthine (DMPX) did not a ect the contraction response of adenosine analogues. 7 Endothelium-dependent contractions elicited by A1 receptor agonists were blocked by indomethacin and by free radical scavengers. 8 These data suggest that the contractile response to adenosine analogues in SHR aorta is probably mediated by free radicals which are generated through the increased cyclo-oxygenase activity occurring in the vascular endothelium of SHR but not the WKY rats. British Journal of Pharmacology (2001) 134, 1760 ± 1766. Originally published British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 134, No. 8, Dec 200