Microcomputer program for thermal and daylighting analysis

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1984.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCHIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79).Among the variety of building elements that form the boundary between artificially and naturally controlled space, aperture is responsible for a significant amount of the building's energy consumption, and has one of the most complex interactive behaviours that energy conscious design has to accommodate. Some twenty percent of the energy consumed in the U.S. is used by buildings for such things as HVAC systems and artificial lighting. Furthermore, as much as 25 percent of this consumption, that is, 5 percent of the entire energy consumption in this country, has been attributed to heat gain or loss through windows. Although the thermal performance of windows has been dramatically improved since the first OPEC's oil embargo, it still remains of a concern of energy conscious design. In one way, the complexity of the thermal behaviour of windows which represents the apertures of a building, accounts for this phenomenon. Namely, it is very difficult, for most designers to control or even to deal with this issue when trying to render their ideas into a tangible object. While designers are able to enhance, with a relative ease, the thermal performance of opaque walls using various insulation materials, they have to take into account many more factors when dealing with windows. Due to their transparency, windows are far more sensitive to the environmental determinants such as weather, building use, occupancy schedules and so forth. Unfortunately, each variable that determines the level of energy performance does not always enhance the others. While a large window helps curtail the amount of electric lighting, assuming natural illumination, it also is accompanied by unwanted solar heat gain in the summer. In winter, this un-invited guest often plays an important role in heating the space. THERMAL-LITE has been developed with a goal to eliminate the difficulties of balancing such issues when a designer tries to analyze the energy performance of a building. This program will allow the user to obtain energy consumption data in a few minutes so that numbers of alternative designs could be studied in the preliminary design phase. This thesis will describe how the algorithm has been developed, as well as future enhancements.by Makoto Hoshino.M.S

PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 2 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN VASOSPASTIC ANGINA: A HIGH-RISK SUBGROUP

summary:The Golomb space ${\mathbb N}_\tau$ is the set ${\mathbb N}$ of positive integers endowed with the topology $\tau$ generated by the base consisting of arithmetic progressions $\{a+ bn: n\ge 0\}$ with coprime $a,b$. We prove that the Golomb space ${\mathbb N}_\tau$ has continuum many continuous self-maps, contains a countable disjoint family of infinite closed connected subsets, the set $\Pi$ of prime numbers is a dense metrizable subspace of ${\mathbb N}_\tau$, and each homeomorphism $h$ of ${\mathbb N}_\tau$ has the following properties: $h(1)=1$, $h(\Pi)=\Pi$, $\Pi_{h(x)}=h(\Pi_x)$, and $h(x^{{\mathbb N}})=h(x)^{\,\mathbb N}$ for all $x\in{\mathbb N}$. Here $x^{\mathbb N}:=\{x^n\colon n\in{\mathbb N}\}$ and $\Pi_x$ denotes the set of prime divisors of $x$

Neutron Diffraction Study of the Long Range Order in a Single Crystal Cu_2NiZn

It is evidently shown by neutron diffraction that the alloy Cu_2NiZn forms the long range order after prolonged annealing at 300℃. The observed structure factors of the superlattice reflections with mixed indices are evaluated to be between 0.29 and 0.33×10^ cm. Three structure models, whose unit cells are based upon the original face centered cubic cell containing four atoms, are proposed to interpret the experimental results. A good agreement between the observed and calculated structure factors is found in the following model, i.e., a nickel atom is at the origin, and a zinc and two copper atoms are statistically distributed at the three positions (1/2, 1/2, 0, ∩). Possibility of other two models is also discussed on the basis of the present investigation as well as other physical properties

Molecular Serotype-Specific Identification of Non-Type B \u3cem\u3eHaemophilus influenzae\u3c/em\u3e by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

In children, the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis has decreased since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7 and PCV13). However, since the introduction of the vaccine, developed countries have seen the emergence of non-PCV13 serotypes. However, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by PCV13-targeted serotypes still represents an important public health problem in resource-limited countries. To develop a rapid, simple, and cost-effective assay to detect serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, we developed a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the sequences available for the 13 capsular types that are included in PCV13: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 A, 6B, 7 F, 9 V, 14, 18 C, 19 A, 19 F, and 23 F. We evaluated test reactivity, specificity, sensitivity and performance, and compared the results between established LAMP and conventional PCR assays. To support its clinical use, the detection limits of the LAMP assay were evaluated using bacterial genomic DNA-spiked cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood specimens. We confirmed the specificity of the LAMP assay using 41 serotypes of pneumococcal strains. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 10 to 100 copies per reaction, compared to 10 to 104 copies per reaction for PCR assays. The detection limits of the LAMP assay were comparable when using DNA-spiked CSF and blood specimens, as compared to using purified DNA as the template. In conclusion, a rapid and simple LAMP-based pneumococcal serotyping method has been developed. This is the first report of a LAMP method for a PCV13 serotype-specific identification assay, which could be a promising step to facilitate epidemiological studies of pneumococcal serotyping

Interstitial Pneumonia Developed in HTLV-I Carriers: Report of Two Cases

Two carriers of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) with interstitial pneumonia are described. The first case, a 60-year-old man, was admitted with cough and dyspnea on exertion. Light microscopy of a lung specimen obtained by a transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB ) showed thickening of the alveolar walls with infiltration of lymphocytes and fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma. Immunohistochemical analysis of the TBLB specimen showed positive staining in the lymphocytes for UCHL-1. This case was suspected as HTLV-I associated bronchiolo-alveolar disorder. The second case, a 74-year-old man, visited our hospital because of a persistent productive cough and dyspnea on exertion. Light microscopy of the TBLB showed a slight thickening of the alveolar walls and fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma with minimal infiltration of lymphocytes. Only 2.2% of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid consisted of lymphocytes. The findings of the second case suggest that some factors other than T-lymphocytes may be related with the development of interstitial pneumonia in HTLV-I carriers. Interstitial pneumonia in HTLV-I carriers may be caused by as yet undiscovered mechanisms. A cohort study involving residents of an area where HTLV-I is endemic should be conducted to clarify the mechanism of pulmonary involvement in HTLV-I carriers

An Excellent Monitoring System for Surface Ubiquitination-Induced Internalization in Mammals

Background. At present, it is difficult to visualize the internalization of surface receptors induced by ubiquitination that is taken place at the plasma membrane in mammals. This problem makes it difficult to reveal molecular basis for ubiquitinationmediated internalization in mammals. Methodology/Principle Findings. In order to overcome it, we have generated T-REx-c-MIR, a novel mammalian Tet-on B cell line using a constitutively active E3 ubiquitin ligase, c-MIR, and its artificial target molecule. By applying the surface biotinylation method to T-REx-c-MIR, we succeeded to monitor the fate of surface target molecules after initiation of ubiquitination process by doxycycline (Dox)-induced c-MIR expression. Target molecules that preexisted at the plasma membrane before induction of c-MIR expression were oligo-ubiquitinated and degraded by Dox-induced c-MIR expression. Dox-induced c-MIR expression initiated rapid internalization of surface target molecules, and blockage of the internalization induced the accumulation of the surface target molecules that were newly ubiquitinated by c-MIR. Inhibition of the surface ubiquitination by down-regulating ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 impaired the internalization of target molecules. Finally, a complex of c-MIR and target molecule was detected at the plasma membrane. Conclusions/ Significances. These results demonstrate that in T-REx-c-MIR, surface target molecule is ubiquitinated at the plasma membrane and followed by being internalized from the plasma membrane. Thus, T-REx-c-MIR is a useful experimental tool t