Implementing Open Access Policy: First case studies

When implementing open access, policy pioneers and flagship institutions alike have faced considerable challenges in meeting their own aims and achieving a recognized success. Legitimate authority, sufficient resources and the right timing are crucial, but the professionals charged with implementing policy still need several years to accomplish significant progress. This study defines a methodological standard for evaluating the first generation of open access policies. Evaluating implementation establishes evidence, enables reflection, and may foster the emergence of a second generation of open access policies. While the study is based on a small number of cases, these case studies cover most of the pioneer institutions, present the most significant issues and offer an international overview. Each case is reconstructed individually on the basis of public documents and background information, and supported by interviews with professionals responsible for open access implementation. This article presents the highlights from each case study. The results are utilized to indicate how a second generation of policies might define open access as a key component of digital research infrastructures that provide inputs and outputs for research, teaching and learning in real time.</p

Innovations of subject service in National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the implications

Looking at the development of subject librarians and subject services in Chinese libraries during the past decade, this paper highlights the innovative concepts and practices of subject librarians in National Science Library (NSL), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). After a two-year trial period, NSL, CAS, with 39 full-time subject librarians, has begun to provide personalized, subject-speci.c, and knowledge-based services to the end-users since 2006. Such a practice manifests that subject librarians and subject services should be embedded into the research process and working environment. And, the subject service should be made available to the users beyond the space restriction and time limit, and .nally create a congenial environment for users. Librarians should develop new expertise to offer the user-oriented service, changing the role from book keepers to research instructors, advisors, even chief information officer (CIO) or chief knowledge officer (CKO).</p

Effect Of Blood Donation On Blood Donor Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level

Tajuk: Effect of Blood Donation on Blood Donor cardiorespiratory fitness level Latar Belakang. Pendermaan darah adalah penting untuk memenuhi keperluan darah dan produk-produk darah untuk pesakit. Tetapi, pengurangan haemoglobin, haematocrit dan isipadu darah selepas pendermaan darah mungkin memberi kesan terhadap kecergasan kardiorespiratori. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan pendermaan darah kepada kecergasan fizikal kardiorespiratori penderma iaitu predicted maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Kaedah. Sebanyak 42 penderma darah lelaki telah terlibat dalam kajian keratan lintang ini dengan 14 peserta untuk setiap kumpulan kecergasan rendah, sederhana dan tinggi. Protokol 20 meter Multistage Shuttle Run fitness test telah digunakan untuk menguji kecergasan kardiorespiratori. Ujian kecergasan kardiorespiratori dijalankan 24 jam sebelum dan selepas pendermaan 450 ml darah utuh. Pada masa yang sama, Haemoglobin dan haematocrit diuji pada 24 jam sebelum, sebaik selepas dan 24 jam selepas pendermaan . . Title: Effects of Blood Donation on Blood Donor Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level Background. Blood donation is vital to meet patients’ needs for blood and blood products. However, reduction of haemoglobin, haematocrit and blood volume following blood donation might affect the cardiorespiratory fitness level. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of blood donation on the level of cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by predicted maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Methods. A total of 42 male blood donors were involved in this cross sectional study with 14 participants each for poor, average and excellent fitness groups. The 20 meters Multistage Shuttle Run fitness test protocol was used to measure cardiorespiratory fitness level. The test was performed 24 hours before and after a 450 ml whole blood donation. Simultaneously, haemoglobin and haematocrit were assessed 24 hours before, immediately after and 24 hours after the donation

Factors affecting employees' performance at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) Kelantan / Fauziannie Mail

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of workload, work environment, supervisory communication, reward factor and technology advancement on employee performance. Researcher interference in this research was very limited and done under natural work environment. For this research, 140 employees of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) were taken as respondent. Majority of the respondents were female. Based on the findings, reliability analysis for all the variables were considered as good because they obtained 0.7 and above. As for correlation analysis, technology advancement does not significantly correlated to employee performance. From hypothesis testing result, two from five hypotheses were contributed to employee performance and accepted. They were supervisory communication and technology advancement

On the framing of patent citations and academic paper citations in refl ecting knowledge linkage: A discussion of the discrepancy of their divergent value-orientations

It has been widely recognized that academic paper citations will reflect scientific knowledge linkage. Patent citations are similar to academic paper citations in many aspects: Citation frequency distribution is often skewed; citation frequency varies from one subject field to another and authors&rsquo;/inventors&rsquo;preference for citing relevant literature is usually confined to their own native language. However, regardless of these seemingly similarities, the patent citation is unique and special. It is constructed by incorporating information providers from multiple sources, such as from examiners, inventors, attorneys and/or the public. It is driven by a value-orientation for the monopolization of market production under regulations of Patent Laws. It is also practiced under the sway of an industrial culture embedded with a notion of &ldquo;creative destruction&rdquo;. In view of the contextual complexities of patent citations, simply applying the data criteria and citation behavior analysis of academic paper citations to that of patentbibliometrics for the purpose of reflecting knowledge linkage is both conceptually and technically illogical and unreasonable. This paper attempts to delve into the issue of the currently misconceived assertions and practice about &quot;transplanting&rdquo; the methodology of academic paper citations en masse indiscriminately into the practice of patent citations. It is hoped that such a study would yield improved result stemming from the practice of patent citations for reflecting knowledge linkage in the future.</p

Research on the development of thesaurus in China

Based on the statistics of 130 thesauri having been published in China so far, this article analyzes the development of thesauri in China from the origin, publication year, academic disciplines and quantity of entries collected, and re-defines the development stages. In addition, by collecting the 1,000 relevant research papers, the article also analyzes the theoretical studies from the aspects of the quantity of papers and research subjects in order to give a clear picture of the development and features of the researches on thesaurus in China.</p