Video Deraining Mechanism by Preserving the Temporal Consistency and Intrinsic Properties of Rain Streaks

The problem of video deraining is one of the most focused research areas where several techniques are introduced to achieve higher visual quality in the results. The process of video deraining tries to eliminate the presence of rain streaks in the videos so that the overall quality of the video can be enhanced. The existing frameworks tried to accurately eliminate the rain streaks in videos, but there is still room for improvement to preserve the temporal consistencies and intrinsic properties of rain streaks. This work does the job with the combination of handcrafted and deep priors that deeply extract and identify the nature of rain streaks in different dimensions. The proposed work included three main steps: Prior extraction, Derain modelling and optimization. Four major priors are extracted from the frames where the gradient prior (GP) and sparse prior (SP) are extracted from the rain streaks, and the smooth temporal prior (STP) and deep prior (DP) are extracted from the clean video. The unidirectional total variation (UTV) is applied to extract the GP, and the L1 normalization method is followed to extract the SP and STP. The DP is then extracted from the clean frames using the residual gated recurrent deraining network (Res-GRRN) model based on deep learning. Derain modelling is carried out based on the extracted priors, and the stochastic alternating direction multiplier method (SADMM) algorithm is utilized to solve the optimization problem. The proposed approach is then implemented in python and evaluated using the real-world dataset. The overall PSNR achieved by the proposed approach is 39.193dB, which is more optimal than the existing methods

Effect of exercise on diastasis recti abdominis among the primiparous women: a quasi-experimental study

Background: Diastatis recti abdominis (DRA) occurs most commonly in pregnant women owing to weakness of the abdominal musculature resulting from maternal hormone influences and increased stretch of the rectus abdominis induced by the expanding uterus. As there are musculoskeletal complications following DRA, there is a need to implement DRA corrective exercises in preventing or treating DRA following child birth. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of Diastasis rectus abdominis corrective exercises in reducing DRA among the primiparous women.Methods: Primiparous women who had DRA of more than 2 finger width at their umbilical level or a bulging rectus abdominis on contraction following a vaginal delivery (VD) or cesarean section (LSCS) were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Fifty four and forty two women in the VD and LSCS group respectively participated in the study. Among them only 12 and 9 women from each group respectively performed the DRA corrective exercises for 6 weeks. There was a significant improvement in the reduction of DRA within the groups at p 0.05 which indicated that both the groups showed the same level of improvement.Conclusions: DRA corrective exercises performed by the primiparous women with DRA in their postpartum period immediately following ND or a month after the LSCS for 6 weeks were found to be effective in reducing DRA

A Study to assess the risk factors with Knowledge and Attitude among Adults and in a view to develop SIM on CAD in a selected Hospital, Madurai.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases are the world’s largest killers, claiming 17.1 million lives a year. Tobacco use, an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Coronary artery disease which encompasses acute Myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: “A study to assess the risk factors with knowledge and attitude among adults and in a view to develop SIM on CAD in a selected hospital, Madurai”. OBJECTIVES: 1. To screen the risk factors of CAD among the adult patients. 2. To assess the knowledge and attitude on CAD among adult patients. 3. To correlate risk factors of CAD with knowledge and attitude among adult patients. 4. To find the association between risk factors of CAD with selected demographic variables among adult patients. 5. To find the association between knowledge and attitude on CAD with selected demographic variables among adult patients. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Review of literature was prepared on prevalence, knowledge, attitude and awareness regarding CAD. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: The conceptual framework was developed based on Health Belief Model by Becker and Maiman’s (1975). METHODOLOGY: Research Design: The research design of the study was descriptive in nature. Setting of the study: The study was conducted at Christian Mission Hospital in Madurai. Sample Size: The sample size for this study is 100 adult patients between the ages of 20-60 years. Method of Sampling: Samples for this study were selected through convenience sampling technique. RESULTS: Results shows that majority of adult patients had moderate risk (60%), adequate knowledge (62%) and favourable attitude (88%) on CAD. The obtained “r” value for correlation between risk factors and knowledge was – 0.083, which was negative correlation. The obtained “r” value for correlation between risk factors and attitude was – 0.033, which was negative correlation. The obtained “r” value for correlation between knowledge and attitude was 0.702, which was highly positive. CONCLUSION: The investigator believes that this study would be useful contribution for creating awareness to the adults regarding coronary artery disease. Nurses play a vital role in educating the peoples, especially adults in order to prevent the occurrence of CAD

Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Heart Disease Complicating Pregnancy in Chengalpattu Medical College and Hospital

Cardiovascular diseases in women affect nearly 1% of all pregnancies. Among the patients nearly, 82% patients belong to socioeconomic class IV. 97% patients were booked. Average age at pregnancy is 24years. Majority of patients were primi and second gravida. 50% patients had rheumatic heart disease. 25% patients had congenital heart disease. 19% patients had mitral valve prolapse syndrome. 3patients had cardiomyopathy. Among the rheumatic heart disease mitral valve involvement is most common. Among the congenital heart disease ASD and VSD are the most common in pregnancy women. During my one year study period one patient with tetralogy of Fallot at the age of 23, a primigravida was included in my study. From my study majority of pregnant mothers with heart disease complicating pregnancy had no specific complaints during their antenatal visits, hence all antenatal patients at any gestational age should undergo screening ECHO for early diagnosis of heart disease. Mode of delivery almost remains equivocal between caesarean section and normal delivery. When spontaneous vaginal delivery is planned there is an absolute necessity to monitor the patient with heart disease complicating pregnancy in all stages of labour. Partograph must be plotted carefully. This may reduce the incidence of primary section rates among the heart disease patient and may increase the incidence of vacuum and outlet forceps delivery (without fetomaternal compromise). Awareness about the use of contraceptives is still needed because there were 16mothers of third gravida, 3 mothers of fourth gravida. Hence all heart disease complicating mothers during their antenatal period should be guided with proper methods of contraception whichever is best suited for them. None of the patients spouse underwent vasectomy hence the appraisal about the added advantages and awareness about the method of non scalpel vasectomy must be created among the couples. Ideally this counselling for couples about vasectomy should be started from early weeks of gestation. The expected hemodynamic changes of pregnancy tend to complicate the course of the pregnancy, labor, delivery, or postpartum recovery in the women with heart disease. Women with heart disease complicating pregnancies can very well be able to have uncomplicated deliveries if monitored during antenatal and intrapartum period. However potential risks need to be identified, discussed, and treated to facilitate a successful pregnancy outcome. Surgical intervention may be needed in selective cases to improve the cardiac stability of a women with heart disease planning for pregnancy. Preconceptional counselling and evaluation for women in heart disease complicating pregnancy helps to identify the inherent risks and leads to a successful pregnancy outcome

Reach Energy of Digraphs

A Digraph D consists of two finite sets ), where  denotes the vertex set and denotes the arc set. For vertices  if there exists a directed path from  to  then  is said to be reachable from  and vice versa. The Reachability matrix of D is the  matrix , where  if  is reachable from and  otherwise. The eigen values corresponding to the reachability matrix are called reach eigen values. The reach energy of a digraph is defined by where  is the eigen value of the reachability matrix. In this paper we introduce the reach spectrum of a digraph and study its properties and bounds. Moreover, we compute reachspectrum for some digraphs

Comparison of thyroid hormone status between pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnancy after 37 weeks

Background: Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in developing countries and is associated with a fivefold increase in perinatal mortality. The mechanism of hypothyroidism in pre-eclampsia is controversial and may be related to decreased plasma protein concentrations and increased endothelin levels.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study in 100 women; out of them, 50 were normal pregnant women in the control group and 50 preeclamptic women in the case group. Thyroid hormones, total FT3, FT4 and TSH were analyzed in these subjects. The cases of pre-eclampsia characterized by elevation of blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg systolic or more than 90 mmHg diastolic with proteinuria (more than 300 mg/l in 24 hours specimen) after 37 weeks of gestation in previously normotensive nonproteinuric pregnant women.Results: Incidence of hypothyroidism is high in the study group (30%) compared to the control (14%). Furthermore, the maximum subjects were observed with euthyroidism 43 (86%) in the control group, whereas subclinical hypothyroidism 23 (46%) was observed highest in the preeclamptic group. Out of the 50 preeclamptic patients, 13 (26%) belonged to the severe whereas 37 (74%) belonged to the mild pre-eclampsia group.Conclusions: The study concluded that the pre-eclamptics have a higher incidence of hypothyroidism (SCH) in contrast to the normotensive women, and there is a correlation between the severity of pre-eclampsia and hypothyroidism

Study of histopathological findings and clinical presentation in post-menopausal bleeding

Background: Aim of the research was to study the clinical significance of post-menopausal bleeding in terms of its risk factors, malignancy incidence, and histopathological evaluation for the cause of the post-menopausal bleed.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of gynecological in Kanyakumari Government Medical College in 100 post-menopausal bleeding per vaginam. Evaluated by history, clinical examination, and investigations like transvaginal sonography, endometrial biopsy, and cervical biopsy for all subjects, the specimens collected will be sent to the pathology dept for examination and reporting. A total of 17% of patients were observed with an enlarged uterus and 42% scanty uterine curettings.Results: The maximum number of patients, 29%, were reported in the age group of 50 to 55 years with an average age of 54.27 years. Para 2 parity (49%) and body mass index (BMI) value 21 to 30 (60%) were reported maximum in all subjects. Hypertension (17%) was reported as a major risk factor for endometrial carcinoma. Most of the patients were found with simple hyperplasia without atypia 34 (34%), followed by atrophic endometritis 32 (32%), and minimum patients have observed complex hyperplasia with atypia 4 (4%).Conclusions: The symptom indicating endometrial pathology in post-menopausal women is uterine bleeding. The incidence of a malignant cause of post-menopausal bleeding increases as the time lapse between menopause and the onset of bleeding increases. Atrophic endometritis (atrophic vaginitis) was found to be a major cause of post-menopausal bleeding. Post-menopausal hyperplasia carries a more serious threat of cancer than does premenopausal hyperplasia

PUGAI (FUMIGATION) AS A PURA MARUTHUVAM (EXTERNAL THERAPY) IN THE SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

Siddha Medicine is a traditional system of healing medicine in the southern part of the India and some other nations. This system of Medicine is mainly categorized into two classes, based on the root of admiration of the drugs, which are 32 types of Aga marunthugal (Internal medicine) and 32 types of Pura marunthugal (External medicine) for treating the 4448 diseases describe in the Siddha texts. The 32 types of External therapies are included in many kinds of external application of treatment procedures. Siddha texts mentioned the Pugai is termed as Fumigation is one of the external therapies in this system. This study reveals that the Pugai is the effective external treatment procedure to cure some disease condition based on Siddha theory. Fumigation signifies the artificial impregnation of the atmosphere, with the fumes or smoke of any vegetable or aromatic substances. Pugai is an application of fumes is administered in different parts of the body, apart from inhalation. Most of these therapies are aimed to maintaining the healthy balance of tri humours of Vatham, Pitham, Kabam and Saptha thathukkal which mean seven tissue types of the body. Main purpose of this procedure is to reduce microbes and to control infections. Fumigation can be effective in inactivating microbes on environmental surfaces