136,911 research outputs found
Comment on ``Signal of Quark Deconfinement in the Timing Structure of Pulsar Spin-Down''
This is a comment on a paper by Glendenning, Pei, and Weber (Phys. Rev.
Lett., 79, 1603, 1997), where the authors gave an incorrect estimate of the
event rate and neglected the important gravitational energy release. Previous
work on the same subject is reviewed, and a new suggestion is made to link
quark-hadron phase transitions with soft gamma-ray repeaters.Comment: 4 pages; to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
When China Sneezes, Asia Catches a Cold: the Effects of China’s Export Decline in the Realm of the Global Economic Crisis
In this discussion report, we dispel the widely held misconception that China’s economy is excessively export-dependent and therefore particularly vulnerable to a drop in export demand. In the past two decades, China’s dramatic exports rise has largely been driven by the fact that many foreign firms have offshored a slice of their value chain – labor-intensive final assembly – to China for export purposes. Many of these assembly plants heavily rely on imported inputs from East Asian economies to produce their export products. Because of this feature, China passes on a large portion of its negative export demand shocks to the East Asian economies by reducing demand for their imported inputs. Using recent trade data, we provide evidence of this business cycle pass-through during the current economic crisis.
A Novel BiLevel Paradigm for Image-to-Image Translation
Image-to-image (I2I) translation is a pixel-level mapping that requires a
large number of paired training data and often suffers from the problems of
high diversity and strong category bias in image scenes. In order to tackle
these problems, we propose a novel BiLevel (BiL) learning paradigm that
alternates the learning of two models, respectively at an instance-specific
(IS) and a general-purpose (GP) level. In each scene, the IS model learns to
maintain the specific scene attributes. It is initialized by the GP model that
learns from all the scenes to obtain the generalizable translation knowledge.
This GP initialization gives the IS model an efficient starting point, thus
enabling its fast adaptation to the new scene with scarce training data. We
conduct extensive I2I translation experiments on human face and street view
datasets. Quantitative results validate that our approach can significantly
boost the performance of classical I2I translation models, such as PG2 and
Pix2Pix. Our visualization results show both higher image quality and more
appropriate instance-specific details, e.g., the translated image of a person
looks more like that person in terms of identity
Integrating N-best SMT outputs into a TM system
In this paper, we propose a novel frame- work to enrich Translation Memory (TM) systems with Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) outputs using ranking. In order to offer the human translators multiple choices, instead of only using the top SMT output and top TM hit, we merge the N-best output from the SMT system and the k-best hits with highest fuzzy match scores from the TM system. The merged list is then ranked according to the prospective post-editing effort and provided to the translators to aid their work. Experiments show that our ranked output achieve 0.8747 precision at top 1 and 0.8134 precision at top 5. Our
framework facilitates a tight integration between SMT and TM, where full advantage is taken of TM while high quality
SMT output is availed of to improve the productivity of human translators
Bridging SMT and TM with translation recommendation
We propose a translation recommendation framework to integrate Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) output with Translation Memory (TM) systems. The framework recommends SMT outputs to a TM user when it predicts that SMT outputs are more suitable for post-editing than the hits provided by the TM. We describe an implementation of this framework using an SVM binary classifier. We exploit methods to fine-tune the classifier and investigate a variety of features of different types. We rely on automatic MT evaluation
metrics to approximate human judgements in our experiments. Experimental results show that our system can achieve 0.85 precision at 0.89 recall, excluding exact matches. futhermore, it is possible for the end-user to achieve a desired balance between precision and recall by adjusting
confidence levels
The role of trade costs in global production networks : evidence from China's processing trade regime
In a seminal contribution, Yi (2003) has shown that vertically specialized trade should be more sensitive to changes in trade costs than regular trade. Yet empirical evidenceof this remains remarkably scant. This paper uses data from China's processing trade regime to analyze the role of trade costs on trade within global production networks (GPNs). Under this regime, firms are granted duty exemptions on imported inputs as long as they are used solely for export purposes. As a result, the data provide information on trade between three sequential nodes of a global supply chain: the location of input production, the location of processing (in China) and the location of further consumption. This makes it possible to examine the role of both trade costs related to the import of inputs (upstream trade costs) and trade costs related to the export of final goods (downstream trade costs) on intra-GPN trade. The authors show that intra-GPN trade differs from regular trade in that it not only depends on downstream trade costs, but also on upstream trade costs and the interaction of both. Moreover, intra-GPN trade is more sensitive to oil price movements and business cycle movements than regular trade. Finally, the paper analyzes three channels through which intra-GPN trade have amplified the trade collapse during the recent Global Recession.Economic Theory&Research,Free Trade,Trade Policy,Emerging Markets,Currencies and Exchange Rates
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Development of a minigenome cassette for Lettuce necrotic yellows virus: A first step in rescuing a plant cytorhabdovirus
Rhabdoviruses are enveloped negative-sense RNA viruses that have numerous biotechnological applications. However, recovering plant rhabdoviruses from cDNA remains difficult due to technical difficulties such as the need for concurrent in planta expression of the viral genome together with the viral nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) and viral genome instability in E. coli. Here, we developed a negative-sense minigenome cassette for Lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV). We introduced introns into the unstable viral ORF and employed Agrobacterium tumefaciens to co-infiltrate Nicotiana with the genes for the N, P, and L proteins together with the minigenome cassette. The minigenome cassette included the Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein gene (DsRed) cloned in the negative-sense between the viral trailer and leader sequences which were placed between hammerhead and hepatitis delta ribozymes. In planta DsRed expression was demonstrated by western blotting while the appropriate splicing of introduced introns was confirmed by sequencing of RT-PCR product
Nonexistence of Certain Skew-symmetric Amorphous Association Schemes
An association scheme is amorphous if it has as many fusion schemes as
possible. Symmetric amorphous schemes were classified by A. V. Ivanov [A. V.
Ivanov, Amorphous cellular rings II, in Investigations in algebraic theory of
combinatorial objects, pages 39--49. VNIISI, Moscow, Institute for System
Studies, 1985] and commutative amorphous schemes were classified by T. Ito, A.
Munemasa and M. Yamada [T. Ito, A. Munemasa and M. Yamada, Amorphous
association schemes over the Galois rings of characteristic 4, European J.
Combin., 12(1991), 513--526]. A scheme is called skew-symmetric if the diagonal
relation is the only symmetric relation. We prove the nonexistence of
skew-symmetric amorphous schemes with at least 4 classes. We also prove that
non-symmetric amorphous schemes are commutative.Comment: 10 page
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