67 research outputs found
Quantitative assessment of fecal contamination in multiple environmental sample types in urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh using SaniPath microbial approach.
Rapid urbanization has led to a growing sanitation crisis in urban areas of Bangladesh and potential exposure to fecal contamination in the urban environment due to inadequate sanitation and poor fecal sludge management. Limited data are available on environmental fecal contamination associated with different exposure pathways in urban Dhaka. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the magnitude of fecal contamination in the environment in low-income, high-income, and transient/floating neighborhoods in urban Dhaka. Ten samples were collected from each of 10 environmental compartments in 10 different neighborhoods (4 low-income, 4 high-income and 2 transient/floating neighborhoods). These 1,000 samples were analyzed with the IDEXX-Quanti-Tray technique to determine most-probable-number (MPN) of E. coli. Samples of open drains (6.91 log10 MPN/100 mL), surface water (5.28 log10 MPN/100 mL), floodwater (4.60 log10 MPN/100 mL), produce (3.19 log10 MPN/serving), soil (2.29 log10 MPN/gram), and street food (1.79 log10 MPN/gram) had the highest mean log10 E. coli contamination compared to other samples. The contamination concentrations did not differ between low-income and high-income neighborhoods for shared latrine swabs, open drains, municipal water, produce, and street foodsamples. E. coli contamination levels were significantly higher (p <0.05) in low-income neighborhoods compared to high-income for soil (0.91 log10 MPN/gram, 95% CI, 0.39, 1.43), bathing water (0.98 log10 MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 0.41, 1.54), non-municipal water (0.64 log10 MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 0.24, 1.04), surface water (1.92 log10 MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 1.44, 2.40), and floodwater (0.48 log10 MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 0.03, 0.92) samples. E. coli contamination were significantly higher (p<0.05) in low-income neighborhoods compared to transient/floating neighborhoods for drain water, bathing water, non-municipal water and surface water. Future studies should examine behavior that brings people into contact with the environment and assess the extent of exposure to fecal contamination in the environment through multiple pathways and associated risks
Group 13 Complexes of Chelating N2O2n‒ Ligands as Hybrid Molecular Materials
Recent synthetic advances have afforded opportunities for the creation of a wide range of potentially tetradentate N2O2n‒ ligands. When combined with group 13 elements, robust functional molecular materials can be realized. This concept article describes advances surrounding group 13 complexes of selected families of N2O2n‒ ligands, including examples with unique chirality, sensing/detection capabilities, utility in organic electronics, and redox properties. It also highlights the bridge between fundamental main group chemistry and useful application that is being established within this research field
Long Term Performance Analysis of a 19.8kWp Standalone Photovoltaic System in a Remote Island
Smoking and Ischemic Stroke
to determine the relation of smoking with ischemic stroke. Fifty cases & 50 controls were selected following certain inclusion & exclusion criteria. The results of the study showed that mean age of ischemic stroke was 63.58 ± 10.22 years. Ischemic stroke was more common in male (M:F=2.57:1). Majority of the ischemic stroke came from middle class economic condition. Habit of smoking was equally present in case & control groups (54 % & 52%) respectively. However duration of smoking was significantly longer (P< 0.01) in ischemic stroke patients (35.26 ± 9.97 yrs.) than the control group (24.12 ± 7.32 yrs.). Th
Simulation and performance analysis of 110 kWp grid-connected photovoltaic system for residential building in India: A comparative analysis of various PV technology
Seismic reservoir characterization of potential CO2 storage reservoir sandstones in Smeaheia area, Northern North Sea
Techno-economic perspectives of the temperature management of photovoltaic (PV) power plants: A case-study in Iran
Identification of MicroRNA for Intermuscular Bone Development in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)
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