Additional file 1: of Transcriptome analysis unravels spatiotemporal modulation of phytohormone-pathway expression underlying gibberellin-induced parthenocarpic fruit set in San Pedro-type fig (Ficus carica L.)

Table S1. Primer sequences of genes used for validation of RNA-Seq results by quantitative real-time PCR, Table S2. Summary of sequencing results for control and GA3-treated female flowers and receptacles, Table S3. Significant GO terms (corrected P-value ≤0.05) identified between control and GA3-treated female flowers and receptacles, Table S4. Significant KEGG pathways (corrected P-value ≤0.05) identified between control and GA3-treated female flowers and receptacles, Table S5. All gibberellin-, auxin- and cytokinin-synthesis, catabolism and response transcripts identified in this study which were differentially expressed (FDR < 0.01 and the absolute value of log2 (FPKMtreatment/FPKMcontrol) ≥ 1) in at least one pairwise comparison group, Table S6. All abscisic acid- and ethylene-synthesis, catabolism and response transcripts identified in this study which were differentially expressed (FDR < 0.01 and the absolute value of log2 (FPKMtreatment/FPKMcontrol) ≥ 1) in at least one pairwise comparison group, Figure S1. Verification of RNA-Seq results by qRT-PCR. Bars represent standard deviation. F, female flowers; R, receptacle, Figure S2. Correlation of fold changes in gene expression between RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. Equation of linear regression and correlation coefficient (R2) are shown. DAT, days after treatment, Figure S3. Number of differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.001 and log2 (FPKMtreatment/FPKMcontrol) ≥ 1 or ≤ − 1) between control and GA3-treated female flowers and receptacles. DAT, days after treatment, Figure S4. Heat maps of hormone-related genes with low expression. FPKM of all samples was < 10. (PDF 1241 kb

Rootstock scion somatogenetic interactions in perennial composite plants

The ancient plant production practice of grafting which instantly imparts new physiological properties to the desirable scion still remains shrouded in mystery. Yet, grafting remains a widely used technique in the production of several horticultural species. In a composite grafted plant, rootstocks control many aspects of scion growth and physiology including yield and quality attributes as well as biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Broadly, physical, physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms have been reviewed to develop an integrated understanding of this enigmatic process that challenges existing genetic paradigms. This review summarizes the reported mechanisms underlying some of the economically important traits and identifies several key points to consider when conducting rootstock scion interaction experiments. Study of the somatogenetic interactions between rootstock and scion is a field that is ripe for discovery and vast improvements in the coming decade. Further, utilization of rootstocks based on a better understanding of the somatogenetic interactions is highly relevant in the current agricultural environment where there is a need for sustainable production practices. Rootstocks may offer a non-transgenic approach to rapidly respond to the changing environment and expand agricultural production of annual and perennial crops where grafting is feasible in order to meet the global food, fiber and fuel demands of the future