Diskitis in children: study of eight cases

The authors report the study of eight children with diskitis diagnosed through clinical, neurogical and orthopedic evaluation. The evidence of self limiting inflammation or infection of the intervertebral disk space and of soft tissue were avaliable by image studies. Findings with routine roentgenograms, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed.Os autores apresentam o estudo de oito crianças com diagnóstico de discite estabelecido através da avaliação clínica, neurológica e ortopédica. A comprovação de alterações inflamatórias em um espaço discal, vertebral e em tecidos moles foi possível em estudos por imagem, sendo discutidos aqueles obtidos por radiologia convencional, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética.53553

Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy: Etiological Risk Factors And Neuroimaging

The purpose of this paper, which was conducted on 175 children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (H-CP), was to verify the etiological risk period for this disease. Etiological risk factors (ERF) were detected through anamnesis: 23% in the prenatal period, 18% in the perinatal period and 59% of the patients the period was undefined (ERF in the prenatal and perinatal period was 41% and no ERF was 18% of the cases. The computerized tomographic scan (CT) and MRI were performed on all the patients, who were then classified according to their etiopathogenic data: CT1 = normal (18%); CT 2= unilateral ventricular enlargement (25%); CT 3 = cortical/ subcortical cavities (28%); CT4= hemispheric atrophy and other findings (14%); CT 5 = malformations (15%). CT 5 was associated with physical malformations beyond the central nervous system and with prenatal ERF's , while CT 2 was associated with the perinatal ERF's, mainly in premature births. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 57 patients and demonstrated a good degree of concordance with the CT. Etiology remained undefined in only 37% of the cases after neuroimaging was related to ERF. A high perinatal RF frequency (59%) was observed and emphasized the need for special care during this period.5912934Kuban, K.C.K., Leviton, A., Cerebral palsy (1994) N Engl J Med, 330, pp. 188-195Griffiths, M., Clegg, M., (1988) Cerebral Palsy: Problems and Practice, , London: Souvenir PressUvebrant, P., Hemiplegic cerebral palsy: Aetiology and outcome (1988) Acta Paediatr Scand, (345 SUPPL.), pp. 1-100Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Antecedents of cerebral palsy: Multivariate analysis of risk (1986) N Engl J Med, 315, pp. 81-86Blair, E., Stanley, F.J., Intrapartum asphyxia: A rare cause of cerebral palsy (1988) J Pediatr, 112, pp. 515-519Barkovich, A.J., Destructive brain disorders of childhood (1995) Pediatric Neuroimaging. 2.ed., pp. 107-175. , Barkovich AJ. New York: Raven PressBarkovich, A.J., Congenital malformations of the brain (1995) Pediatric Neuroimaging. 2.ed., pp. 176-275. , Barkovich AJ. New York: Raven PressOkumura, A., Hayakawa, F., Katu, T., Kuno, K., Watanabe, K., MRI findings in patients with spastic cerebral palsy: I. Correlation with gestational age at birth (1997) Dev Med Child Neurol, 39, pp. 363-368Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Olow, I., Von Wendt, L., The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden: VII. Prevalence and origin in the birth year period 1987-90 (1996) Acta Paediatr Scand, 85, pp. 954-960Leviton, A., Paneth, N., White matter damage in preterms newbornsl an epidemiological perspective (1990) Early Hum Dev, 24, pp. 1-22Wiklund, L.M., Uvebrant, P., Hemiplegic cerebral palsy: Correlation between CT morphologic and clinical findings (1991) Dev Med Child Neurol, 33, pp. 512-523Niemann, G., Wakat, J.P., Krägeloh-Mann, I., Grodd, W., Michaelis, R., Congenital hemiparesis and perventricular leukomalacia: athogenic aspects on magnetic resonance imaging (1994) Dev Med Child Neurol, 36, pp. 943-950Rogers, B., Msall, M., Owens, T., Cystic periventricular leukomalacia and type of cerebral palsy in preterm infants (1994) J Pediatr, 125, pp. S1-S8Volpe, J.J., Intracranial hemorrhage: Intraventricular hemorrhage of the premature infant (1995) Neurology of the Newborn. 3.ed., pp. 403-463. , Volpe JJ. Philadelphia: SaundersOkumura, A., Hayakawa, F., Katu, T., Kuno, K., Watanabe, K., MRI findings in patients with spastic cerebral palsy: II. Correlation with type of cerebral palsy (1997) Dev Med Child Neurol, 39, pp. 369-372Bouza, H., Dubowitz, L.M.Z., Rutherford, M., Cowan, F., Pennock, J.M., Late magnetic resonance imaging and clinical finding in neonates with unilateral lesions on cranial ultrasound (1994) Dev Med Child Neurol, 36, pp. 951-954Wiklund, L.M., Uvebrant, U., Flodmark, O., Morphology of cerebral lesions in children with congenital hemiplegia: A study with computed tomography (1990) Neuroradiology, 32, pp. 179-186Moura-Ribeiro, M.V.L., Ciasca, S.M., Vale-Cavalcanti, M., Etchebehere, E.C.S.C., Camargo, E.E., Cerebrovascular disease in newborn infants: Report of three cases with clinical follow-up and brain SPECT cerebral (1999) Arq Neuropsquiatr, 57, pp. 1005-1010Molteni, B., Oleari, G., Fedrizzi, E., Bracchi, M., Relation between CT patterns, clinical findings and etiological factors in children born at term, affected congenital hemiparesis (1987) Neropediatrics, 18, pp. 75-80Piovesana, A.M.S.G., (1993) Paralisia Cerebral Hemiparética: Estudo de 42 Casos, , Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. CampinasPiovesana, A.M.S.G., (1999) Paralisia Cerebral Hemiparética: Aspectos Evolutivos, Plasticidade Cerebral e Especialização Hemisférica, , Tese de Doutorado, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. CampinasFleiss, J.L., (1981) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. 2,ed., , New York: John Wiley & SonsStokes, M.E., Davis, C.S., Koch, G.G., (1996) Categorical Data Analysis Using the SAS System, , Cary NC: SAS InstituteHagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Olow, I., The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in sweden: IV. Epidemiological trends 1959-78 (1984) Acta Paediatr Scand, 73, pp. 433-440Christensen, E., Melchior, J., Cerebral palsy: A clinical and neuropathological study (1967) Clin Dev Med, 25, pp. 55-67. , London: HeinemannBanker, B.Q., Larroche, J.-C., Periventricular leukomalacia of infancy: A form of neonatal anoxic encephalopathy (1962) Arch Neurol, 7, pp. 386-41

Acute Bacterial Meningoencephalitis In Children: Complications And Neurologic Sequelae [meningencefalites Bacterianas Agudas Em Crianças: Complicações E Sequelas Neurológicas]

We studied 271 children under age of 15 with diagnosis of acute bacterial meningencephalitis treated at Medical School in Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, between 1980 and 1990. The patients were divided in two groups: 1) those who had not received previous antibiotics treatment (NTP), with 153 cases; and 2), those who had received previous antibiotics treatment (PT), with 118 cases. The etiological agent was more frequently identified in NPT group, while ventriculitis was more frequent in PT group. Mortality rate accounted for 19,5% of all cases, and 29.7% of children under 12 months of age. Acute meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae was frequently followed by increased mortality. Convulsive disorders and hemiparesis predominante among children under 12 months of age. On the neurosurgical point of view, ventriculitis, subdural hygroma, hydrocephalus, subdural empyema and brain abscess were identified and treated.572 B465470Bohr, W., Paulson, O.B., Rasmussen, N., Pneumococcal meningitis: Late neurologic sequence and features of prognostic impact (1984) Arch Neurol, 41, pp. 1045-1049Moura-Ribeiro, M.V.L., Meningites purulentas em crianças no primeiro ano de vida: Evolução clínica e eletrencefalográfica (1978) Tese de Livre Docência, , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Ribeirão PretoGomes, I., Melo, A., Lucena, R., Prognosis of bacterial meningitis in children (1996) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 54, pp. 407-411Ferreira, A., Nascimento, M.H.C., Gomes, I., Melo, A., Neurologic complications in baterial meningitis (1995) J Neurol, (242 SUPPL.), pp. 105-115Klein, J.O., Freigin, R.D., McCraken, G.H., Report of the task force on diagnosis and management of meningitis (1986) Pediatrics, (78 SUPPL.), pp. 959-982Robson, R.O., Roberts, H., Acute bacterial meningitis: I: Diagnosis (1990) Develop Med Child Neurol, 32, pp. 79-86Spina-França, A., Líquido cefalorraquiano (1971) Propedêutica Neurológica: Temas Essencias. 2 Ed., pp. 443-465. , Tolosa APM, Canelas HM. São Paulo: SarvierPomeroy, S.L., Holmes, S.J., Dodge, P.R., Freigin, R.D., Seizures and other neurologic sequelae of bacterial meningitis in children (1990) N Engl J Med, 323, pp. 1651-1657Winkelstein, J.J́., The influence of partial treatment with penicillin on the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (1970) J Pediatr, 77, pp. 619-624Snyder, R.D., Stovring, J., Cushing, A.H., Davis, L.E., Hardy, T.L., Cerebral infarction in childhood bacterial meningitis (1981) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 44, pp. 581-585Moura-Ribeiro, M.V.L., Rocha, C.M., Fernandes, W.L.M., Guerreiro, M.M., Meningites bacterianas agudas: Complicações vasculares (1990) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 51, pp. 507-51

Moyamoya And Down Syndrome: Study Conducted By Meta-analysis [síndrome De Down E Moyamoya: Estudo Através De Metanálise]

We present a clinic-epidemiological study of two patients and meta-analysis (period 1977-2000) of the co-morbidity of the Down syndrome (DS) and moyamoya syndrome (MMS). Among the 42 patients listed in this survey, meta-analysis permitted to find the highest number of publications by researchers from Japan and United States, followed by Brazil and Italy; prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in suckling and pre school children; first symptomatology was hemiparesis (78.6%), speech disorders (26.2%); ischémic infarction (76.2%); recurring ischemic episodes (62%); bilateral impairment (83.3%). This analysis led to the conclusion that in the clinic-neurological investigation of DS patients with acute hemiparesis episodes, MMS should be included as the most probable diagnosis.602 A274280Fukushima, Y., Kondo, Y., Kuroki, Y., Are Down syndrome patients predisposed to moyamoya disease? (1986) Eur J Pediatr, 144, pp. 516-517Nishimura, M., Takakura, H., Ieshima, A., Eda, I., Ohno, K., Takashima, S., A case of Down syndrome with moyamoya disease (1985) No to Hattatsu, 17, pp. 71-75Kawai, M., A genetic study of idiopathic spontaneous multiple occlusions of the circle of Willis (1985) Tohyo Joshi Ikadaigaku Zasshi, 55, pp. 427-441Schrager, G.O., Cohen, S.J., Vigman, M.P., Acute hemiplegia and cortical blindness due to moyamoya disease: Report of a case in a child with Down syndrome (1977) Pediatrics, 60, pp. 33-37Schultz, I.S., Jahara, S., Pompeu, F., Figueira, F., Oliveira, M.I., Doença oclusiva progressiva das artérias cerebrais associada a síndrome de Down: Considerações sobre a etiopatogenia (1981) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 39, pp. 237-243Kudo, T., Spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis: A disease apparently confined to Japanese (1968) Neurology, 18, pp. 485-496Suzuki, J., Takaku, A., Cerebrovascular "moyamoya" disease, disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain (1969) Arch Neurol, 20, p. 288Kriss, V.M., Down syndrome: Imaging of multiorgan involvement (1999) Clin Pediatr, 38, pp. 441-449Kontras, S.B., Bodenbender, J.G., Abnormal capillary morphology in congenital heart disease (1966) Pediatrics, 37, p. 316Williams, E.J., McCormick, A.Q., Tischler, B., Retinal vessels in Down syndrome (1973) Acta Opthalmol, 89, pp. 269-271Chi, T.P.L., Krovetz, L.J., The pulmonary vascular bed in children with Down syndrome (1975) J Pediatrics, 86, pp. 533-538Cohen, N., Berant, M., Simon, J., Moyamoya and Fanconi's anemia (1980) Pediatrics, 64, p. 804Imaizumi, M., Nakuda, T., Yoneda, S., Takano, T., Hasegawa, K., Abe, H., Tuberous sclerosis with moyamoya disease: Case report (1978) Med J Osaka Univ, 28, p. 345Lamas, E., Lobato Diez, R., Cabello, A., Abad, J.M., Multiple intracranial arterial occlusions (moyamoya disease) in patients with neurofibromatosis: One report with autopsy (1978) Acta Neurochir, 45, pp. 133-145Rajakulasingam, K., Cerullo, L., Raimondi, A., Childhood moya-moya syndrome: Post-radiation pathogenesis (1979) Childs Brain, 5, p. 467Sunder, T.R., Moyamoya disease in a patient with type I glycogenosis (1981) Arch Neurol, 38, p. 251Fernandes-Alvarez, E., Pineda, M., Royo, C., Manzanares, R., Moyamoya disease caused by cranial trauma (1979) Brain Dev, 1, p. 133Ellison, P.H., Largent, J.A., Popp, A.J., Moya-moya disease associated with renal artery stenosis (1981) Arch Neurol, 38, p. 467Coakhan, H.B., Duchen, L.W., Scaravilii, E.F., Moya-moya disease: Clinical and pathological report of a case with associated myopathy (1979) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 42, p. 289Merkel, K.H.H., Ginsberg, P.L., Parker, J.C., Post, M.J.D., Cerebrovascular disease in sickle anemia: A clinical, pathological and radiological correlation (1978) Stroke, 9, pp. 45-52Mathew, N.T., Abraham, J., Chandy, J., Cerebral angiographic features in tuberculous meningitis (1970) Neurology, 20, pp. 1015-1023Kitahara, T., Okamura, K., Semba, A., Yamaura, A., Makino, H., Genetic and immnologic analysis of moyamoya (1982) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 45, pp. 1048-1052Berg, J.M., Armstrong, D., On the association of moyamoya disease with Down's syndrome (1991) J Ment Defic Res, 35, pp. 398-403Cramer, S.C., Robertson, R.L., Dooling, E.C., Scott, R.M., Moyamoya and Down syndrome: Clinical and radiological features (1996) Stroke, 27, pp. 2131-2135Leno, C., Mateo, I., Cid, C., Berciano, J., Sedano, C., Autoimmunity in Down's syndrome: Another possible mechanism of moyamoya disease (1998) Stroke, 29, pp. 868-869Yonekawa, Y., Taub, E., Moyamoya disease: Status 1998 (1999) The Neurologist, 5, pp. 13-23Mito, T., Becker, L.E., Vascular dysplasia in Down syndrome: A possible relationship to moyamoya disease (1992) Brain Dev, 14, pp. 248-251Nagasaka, T., Shiozawa, Z., Kobayashi, M., Shindo, K., Tsunoda, S., Amino, A., Autopsy findings in Down's syndrome with cerebrovascular disorder (1996) Clin Neuropathol, 15, pp. 145-149Storm, W., Uhlenbrok, D., Magnetic resonance imaging of moyamoya disease in a child with Down's syndrome (1988) J Ment Defic Res, 33, pp. 507-510Takanashi, J., Sugita, K., Honda, A., Niimi, H., Moyamoya syndrome in a patient with Down syndrome presenting with chorea (1993) Pediatric Neurol, 9, pp. 396-398Aylett, S.E., Britton, J.A., Souza, C.M., Down syndrome and moyamoya disease: Presentation with subarachnoid hemorrhage (1996) Pediatric Neurol, 14, pp. 259-261Hoffman, H.J., Griebel, R.W., Moyamoya syndrome in children (1989) Cerebral Vascular Disease in Children and Adolescents, p. 229. , Edwards MSB, Hoffman HJ (eds). Baltimore: Williams & WilkinsMoura-Ribeiro, M.V.L., Doença cerebrovascular em crianças e adolescentes (1988) Clínica Neurológica, pp. 97-102. , Gagliardi RJ, Reimāo R (eds). São Paulo: Lemos EditorialMoura-Ribeiro, M.V.L., Ferreira, L.S., Montenegro, M.A., Doença cerebrovascular na infância II: Aspectos clínicos em 42 casos (1999) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 57, pp. 594-598Ciasca, S.M., Alves, H.L., Guimarães, I.E., Comparação das avaliações neuropsicológicas em menina com doença cerebrovascular bilateral (moyamoya) antes e após a intervencāo cirúrgica (1999) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 57, pp. 1036-104

Stroke Caused Auditory Attention Deficits In Children [acidente Vascular Cerebral Causa Défices Da Atenção Seletiva Auditiva Em Crianças]

Objective: To verify the auditory selective attention in children with stroke. Methods: Dichotic tests of binaural separation (non-verbal and consonant-vowel) and binaural integration - digits and Staggered Spondaic Words Test (SSW) - were applied in 13 children (7 boys), from 7 to 16 years, with unilateral stroke confirmed by neurological examination and neuroimaging. Results: The attention performance showed significant differences in comparison to the control group in both kinds of tests. In the non-verbal test, identifications the ear opposite the lesion in the free recall stage was diminished and, in the following stages, a difficulty in directing attention was detected. In the consonant- vowel test, a modification in perceptual asymmetry and difficulty in focusing in the attended stages was found. In the digits and SSW tests, ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral deficits were detected, depending on the characteristics of the lesions and demand of the task. Conclusion: Stroke caused auditory attention deficits when dealing with simultaneous sources of auditory information.7111117Kolk, A., Ennok, M., Laugesaar, R., Kadoja, M.L., Talvik, T., Long-term cognitive outcomes after pediatric stroke (2011) Pediatr Neurol, 44, pp. 101-109Westmacott, R., Askalan, R., Macgregor, D., Anderson, P., Deveber, G., Cognitive outcome following unilateral arterial ischaemic stroke in childhood: Effects of age at stroke and lesion location (2010) Dev Med Child Neurol, 52, pp. 387-393Pavlovic, J., Kaufmann, K., Boltshauser, E., Neuropsychological problems after paediatrics stroke: Two year follow-up of Swiss children (2006) Neuropediatrics, 37, pp. 13-19Cnossen, M.H., Aarsen, F.K., Akker, S.L.J., Paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke: Functional outcome and risk factors (2010) Dev Med Child Neurol, 52, pp. 394-399Braun, K.P.J., Bulder, M.M.M., Chabrier, S., The course and outcome of unilateral intracranial artheriopathy in 79 children with ischaemic stroke (2008) Brain, 132, pp. 544-557Stroke in childhood: Clinical guidelines for diagnosis, management and rehabilitation (2004) The Royal College of Physicians, 1, pp. 31-41. , Paediatric Stroke Working GroupBlom, I., de Schryver, E.L.L.M., Kappele, L.J., Rinkel, G.J.E., Jennekens-Schinkel, A., Peters, A.C.B., Prognosis of haemorrhagic stroke in childhood: A long-term follow-up study (2003) Dev Med Child Neurol, 45, pp. 233-239Hogan, A.M., Kirkham, F.J., Bchir, M.B., Isaacs, E.B., Intelligence after stroke in childhood: Review of the literature and suggestions for future research (2000) J Child Neurol, 15, pp. 325-332Ganesan, V., Hogan, A., Shack, N., Gordon, A., Isaacs, E., Kirkham, F.J., Outcome after ischemic stroke in children (2000) Dev Med Child Neurol, 42, pp. 455-461Bellis, T.J., (2003) Assessment and Management of Central Auditory Processing Disorders In the Educational Setting: From Science to Practice, , 2nd ed. Clifton Park, New York: Delmar LearningYavas, M., Hernandorena, C.M., Lamprecht, R.R., (2001) Avaliação Fonológica Da Criança: Reeducação E Terapia, , Porto Alegre: ArtmedPereira, L.D., Schochat, E., (1997) Processamento Auditivo Central: Manual De Avaliação, , São Paulo: LoviseLemos, S.M.A., (2000) Análise De Sons Não-verbais Sobrepostos Por Escolares: Influência Dos Distúrbios Da Comunicação E Audição [dissertação De Mestrado], , Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrasilTedesco, M.L.F., (1995) Audiometria Verbal: Teste Dicótico Consoante-vogal Em Escolares De 7 a 12 Anos De Idade [dissertação De Mestrado], , Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrasilSauer, L.O., (1997) Teste Dicótico Consoante-vogal E Indivíduos De 8 a 12 Anos De Idade [monografia De Especialização], , Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrasilMoura-Ribeiro, M.V.L., Ferreira, L.S., Montenegro, M.A., Doença cerebrovascular na infância: Aspectos clínicos em 42 casos (1999) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 57, pp. 594-598Amlie-Lefond, C., Sébire, G., Fullerton, H.J., Recent developments in childhood arterial ischaemic stroke (2008) Lancet Neurol, 7, pp. 425-435Raju, T.N.K., Nelson, K.B., Ferriero, D., Lynch, J.K., Ischemic perinatal stroke: Summary of workshop sponsored by the Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2007) Pediatrics, 120, pp. 609-616Krleza, J.L., Duranovic, V., Lujic, L., The burden of paediatric stroke and cerebrovascular disorders in Croatia (2009) Int J Stroke, 4, pp. 390-394Bamiou, D.E., Sisodiya, S., Musiek, F.E., Luxon, L.M., The role of interhemispheric pathway in hearing (2007) Brain Res Rev, 56, pp. 170-182Crinion, J.T., Lambon-Ralph, M.A., Warburton, E.A., Howard, D., Wise, R.J.S., Temporal lobe regions engaged during normal speech comprehension (2003) Brain, 126, pp. 1193-1201Ortiz, K.Z., Pereira, L.D., Borges, A.C.L.C., Vilanova, L.C.P., Verbal and non-verbal auditory processing: A comparative study (2003) Iran Audiol, 2, pp. 52-60Bamiou, D.E., Musiek, F.E., Luxon, L.M., The insula (Island of Reil) and its role in auditory processing: Literature review (2003) Brain Res Rev, 42, pp. 143-154Isaacs, E., Christie, D., Vargha-Khadem, F., Mishkin, M., Effects of hemisphere side of injury, and presence of seizure disorder on functional ear and hand asymmetries in hemiplegic children (1996) Neuropsychologia, 34, pp. 127-137Brizzolara, D., Pecini, C., Brovedani, P., Ferretti, G., Cipriani, P., Cioni, G., Timing and type of congenital brain lesion determine different patterns of language lateralization in hemiplegic children (2002) Neuropsychologia, 40, pp. 620-632Chilosi, A.M., Cipriani, P., Pecini, C., Acquired focal brain lesions in childhood: Effects on development and reorganization of language (2008) Brain Lang, 106, pp. 211-225Sidtis, J.J., Predicting brain organization from dichotic listening performance: Cortical and subcortical functional asymmetries contribute to perceptual asymmetries (1982) Brain Lang, 17, pp. 287-300Wexler, B.E., Halwes, T., Dichotic listening tests in studying brain-behavior relationships (1985) Neuropsychologia, 23, pp. 545-559Mackersie, C.L., Boothroyd, A., Prida, T., Use of simultaneous sentence perception test to enhance sensitivity to ease of listening (2000) J Speech Lang Hear Res, 43, pp. 675-68

Perinatal Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy: Acute Period And Outcome [encefalopatia Hipóxico-isquêmica Em Recém-nascidos A Termo: Aspectos Da Fase Aguda E Evolução]

Ninety four neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy HIE attended at the University of Ribeirão Preto since 1982 were studied in terms of the neurological alterations during the acute phase and outcome over a mean period of 47 months. From 43 newborns with HIE I, 40 recovered within 96 hours and 3 died. Among 40 infants with HIE II, 37 5% recovered within the first week, and the others continued abnormal beyond the 7 th day. All 11 infants with HIE III died before the second month of life. The HIE I group had no motor sequelae. Among the HIE II group, 34 5% showed cerebral palsy and 17.7% neuromotor retardation. 80.0% of those with sequelae persisted abnormal beyond 7 th day of life, during the acute phase of the HIE. Epilepsy occurred in 17.5% of cases with HIE grade II, only among those with neuromotor sequelae The IQ test did not show statistically significant difference between the HIE I, II without motor sequelae and the control groups. The authors reaffirm the value of the findings in the acute phase of HIE on the outcome of these patients.554771779André, M., Vert, P., Debruille, C.H., Diagnostic et evolution de la souffrance cerebrale chez les nouveau-nés ayant presents des signes d'hypoxie foetale: Étude prospective (1978) Arch Fr Ped, 35, pp. 23-36Apgar, V., A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant (1953) Anesth Analg, 32, pp. 260-267Bergamasco, B., Benna, P., Ferrero, P., Gavinelli, R., Neonatal hypoxia and epileptic risk: A clinical prospective study (1984) Epilepsia, 25, pp. 131-136D'Souza, S.W., Richards, B., Neurological sequelae in newborn babies after perinatal asphyxia (1978) Arch Dis Child, 53, pp. 564-569Diament, A.J., (1976) Evoluc+ (Combining ogonek)Ão Neurológica do Lactente Normal, , São Paulo. EDARTFenichel, G.M., Hypoxi/Ischemic encephaLopathy in the newborn (1983) Arch Neurol, 40, pp. 261-266Fenichel, G.M., Webster, D.L., Wong, W.K.T., Intracranial hemorrhage in the term newborn (1984) Arch NeuroL, 41, pp. 30-34Finer, N., Robertson, C.M., Richards, R.T., Pinnel, L.E., Peters, K.L., Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term neonates: Perinatal factors and outcome (1981) J Pediatr, 98, pp. 112-117Funayama, C.A.R., (1990) Encefalopatia Hipóxico-isquêmica PerinatalAspectos Epidemiológicos, Neurológicos da Fase Aguda e Evolutivos, , Tese - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeuão Preto da Universidade de Sāo Paulo Ribeirão PretoFunayama, C.A.R., Moura-Ribeiro, M.V.L., Gonçalves, A.L., Encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica perinatal: Aspectos epidemiológicos (1991) Pediatria, 67, pp. 371-374Gherpelli, J.L.D., Ferieira, H., Costa, H.P.F., Neurological follow-up of small-for- Gestational age newborn infants: A study of risk factors related to prognosis at one year of age (1993) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 51, pp. 50-58Lefèvre, A.B., (1972) Exame Neurológico Evolutivo, , São Paulo: SarvierLevene, M.I., Grindulis, H., Sands, C., Moore, J.R., Comparation of two methods of predicting outcome in perinatal asphyxia (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 67-68Lombroso, C.T., Prognosis in neonatal seizures (1983) Adv Neurol, 34, pp. 101-113Michaelis, R., Shulte, F.J., Nolte, R., Motor behaviour of small-for-gestational age newborn infants (1970) J Pediatr, 76, pp. 208-213Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Neonatal signs as predictors of cerebral palsy (1979) Pediatrics, 64, pp. 225-232Robertson, C.M., Finer, N., Term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Outcome at 3,5 years (1985) Dev Med Child Neurol, 27, pp. 437-484Robertson, C.M., Finer, N., Grace, M.G., School perfomance of survivors of neonatal encephalopathy associated with birth asphyxia at term (1989) J Pediatr, 114, pp. 753-760Suint-Anne Dargassies, S., (1977) Desarollo Neurologico del Recien Nacido de Termino y Prematuro, , Buenos Aires: Médica PanamericanaSarnat, H.B., Sarnat, M.S., Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress (1976) Arch Neurol, 33, pp. 696-705Scher, M.S., Aso, K., Begarly, M.E., Hamid, M.Y., Steppe, D.A., Painter, M.J., Electrographic seizures in preterm and full-term neonates: Clinical correlates associated brain lesions, and risk for neurologic sequelae (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 128-134Terman, L.M., Merrill, M.A., (1973) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Form L-M) Manual for the 3 rd Revision. Norms Edition, , Boston: Houghton MifflinVan Kranen-Mastenbroek, V.H.D.M., Folmer, K.B., Kingma, H., Postural behavior of term SGA and AGA newborn infants (1993) Dev Med Child Neurol, 35, pp. 516-524Volpe, J.J., (1995) Neurology of the Newborn. 3 a. Ed, pp. 314-348. , Philadelphia: SaundersZdanska-Brincken, M., Wolánski, N., A graph method for the evaluation of motor development in infants (1969) Dev Med Child Neurol, 11, pp. 228-24

Language Evaluation In Children With Bilateral Cerebrovascular Disease: Study Of Two Cases [avaliação Da Linguagem Em Crianças Com Doença Cerebrovascular Bilateral: Estudo De Dois Casos]

We describe two children, aging 5 years and 6 months and 5 years and 10 months respectively, when the phonoaudiological assessment was conducted. Both children presented bilateral cerebrovascular disease (CVD), confirmed in the acute phase by means of clinical and image neurological test. During this phase, the two patients were examined by a pediatric neurologist of the Pediatric Neurology Discipline of FCM/UNICAMP, pediatric CVD ambulatory. Audiologic Assessment, Protocol for Infant Language Assessment, and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were used in the evaluations. The qualitative analysis of the two subjects from a phonoaudiological and neurological point of view has shown the recovery of adquired languague disturbance with no influence whatsoever in the development of the first subject and subtle language and/or learning process alterations for the second subject. The cases study has revealed that the predominant aspects should be analyzed in an individual, quantitative, and qualitative basis to lead to conclusive findings.623 B911915Ajuriaguerra, J., (1973) Manuel de Psychiatrie de L'Enfant, p. 952. , Paris: MassonLebrun, Y., Afasia na criança (1983) Tratado de Afasia, pp. 87-93. , Lebrun Y (ed). São Paulo: PanomedLaunay, C., Houzel, D., Afasia infantil adquirida (1989) Distúrbios da Linguagem da Fala e da Voz na Infância, pp. 239-244. , Launay C, Maisonny S (eds). São Paulo: RocaMoura-Ribeiro, M.V.L., Doença cerebrovascular em crianças e adolescentes (1998) Clinica Neurológica, pp. 97-102. , Gagliardi RJ, Reimão R (eds). São Paulo: LemosDunn, L.M., Dunn, L., (1986) Test de Vocabulário en Imágenes Peabody: Adaptación Hispanoamericana, p. 179. , Circle Pines: American Guindance ServiceCapovilla, F.C., Capovilla, A.G.S., Desenvolvimento lingüístico na criança brasileira dos dois aos seis anos: Tradução e estandartização do Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test de Dunn & Dunn e Language Development Survey de Rescorla (1997) Ciência Cognitiva: Teoria, Pesquisa e Aplicação, 1, pp. 353-380Hage, S.R.V., (2000) Distúrbio Específico do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem: Subtipos e Correlações Neuroanâtomicas, , Tese de Doutorado, UNICAMP. CampinasHage, S.R.V., Guerreiro, M.M., Distúrbio específico do desenvolvimento da linguagem: Subtipos e correlações neuroanatômicas (2001) Pró Fono, 13, pp. 233-241Hage, S.R.V., Dispraxia articulatória: Correlações com o desenvolvimento da linguagem (1999) Anuário CEFAC de Fonoaudiologia, pp. 119-130. , Marchesan I, Zorzi JL (eds). Rio de Janeiro: RevinterCampos, D.B.P., (2000) Comparação das Praxias Buco-Faciais, Articulatórias e Manual em Crianças com Alterações Articulatórias e Normais, , Monografia PIBIC/CNPq, USC. BauruBraun, V., (1994) Coleção Prá-Pré I, p. 160. , Porto Alegre: KuarupWoods, B., The ontogenesis of hemispheric specialization: Insights from acquired aphasia in childhood (1991) Acquired Aphasia in Children, pp. 73-81. , Martins IP, Castro-Caldas A, Van Dongen HR, Van Hout A (eds). Amsterdam: Kluwer AcademicsMurdoch, B.E., Síndromes afásicas subcorticais (1997) Desenvolvimento da Fala e Distúrbios da Linguagem, pp. 85-104. , Murdoch BE (ed). Rio de Janeiro: RevinterMurdoch, B.E., Transtornos de linguagem conseqüentes de lesões do hemisfério direito (1997) Desenvolvimento da Fala e Distúrbios da Linguagem, pp. 125-142. , Murdoch BE (ed). Rio de Janeiro: RevinterKandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., Jessel, T.M., A linguagem (1997) Fundamentos da Neurociência e do Comportamento, pp. 505-517. , Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel (EDS). Rio de Janeiro: Prentice-Hall do BrasilListianingshi, M.F., Hariman, E.R., Griffth, A.L., Hurtig, M.T.K., Functional outcomes of children with sickle-cell disease affected by stroke (1991) Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 72, pp. 488-502Vargha-Khadem, F., O'Gorman, A.M., Watters, G.V., Aphasia and handedness in relation to hemispheries side, age at injury and severity of cerebral lesion during childhood (1985) Brain, 108, pp. 677-696Pitchford, N.J., Spoken language correlates of reading impairments acquired in childhood (2000) Brain Language, 72, pp. 129-149Traumer, A., Mannino, B.C., Fetal and neonatal medicine (1983) J Pediatr, 102, pp. 605-610Riva, D., Pantaleoni, C., Milani, N., Devoti, M., Late sequelae of right versus left hemispheric lesions (1991) Acquired Aphasia in Children, pp. 213-224. , Martins IP, Castro-Caldas A, Van Dongen HR, Van Hout A (eds). Amsterdam: Kluwer AcademicsKoelfen, W., Freund, M., König, S., Varnholt, V., Rohr, H., Schultze, Ch., Results of parenchymal and angiographer magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing of children after stroke in neonates (1993) Eur J Pediatr, 152, pp. 1030-103