Alternative Reproductive Modes Of Atlantic Forest Frogs

Diversity in reproductive modes is well known in amphibians, mainly among anurans, which are characterized by a diversity in breeding biology that exceeds that of any other tetrapod. Currently, 39 reproductive modes are recognized among anurans and some species display more than one mode. The breeding biology of some Brazilian Atlantic forest anurans was investigated for this study. We observed unreported reproductive modes for six species, variability in the reproductive modes of individuals of the same species (whereby some individuals of a given population displayed unusual reproductive modes when the physical conditions of the breeding site were suboptimal), and variations within the modes. These observations suggest possible evolutionary steps for the reproductive modes. Anuran breeding biology seems to be more diverse than previously reported, and a character matrix could be constructed to describe the total range of variation of the anuran reproductive modes. © 2011 Japan Ethological Society and Springer.302331336Bastos, R.P., Pombal Jr., J.P., A new species Hyla (Anura: Hylidae) from eastern Brazil (1996) Amphibia Reptilia, 17, pp. 325-331Begon, M., Townsend, C.R., Harper, J.L., (2006) Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, , Oxford: BlackwellBuchacher, C.O., Field studies on the small Surinam toad, Pipa arrabali, near Manaus, Brazil (1993) Amphibia Reptilia, 14, pp. 59-69Crump, M.L., Amphibian diversity and life history (2009) Amphibian Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques, pp. 3-20. , C. K. DoddJr (Ed.), New York: Oxford University PressCruz, C.A.G., Peixoto, O.L., About the spawn of Physalaemus in an unusual site (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) (1985) Arq Univ Rural Rio Janeiro, 8, pp. 103-105Faivovich, J., A cladistic analysis of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) (2002) Cladistics, 18, pp. 367-393Frost, D.R., Amphibian species of the world: an online reference (2011) American Museum of Natural History, , http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php, V 5. 5. Available at, New York. Accessed on 31 January 2011Haddad, C.F.B., Pombal Jr., J.P., Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and description of two new reproductive modes (1998) J Herpetol, 32, pp. 557-565Haddad, C.B.F., Prado, C.P.A., Reproductive modes in frogs and their unexpected diversity in the Atlantic forest of Brazil (2005) Bioscience, 55, pp. 207-217Haddad, C.F.B., Toledo, L.F., Prado, C.P.A., (2008) Atlantic Forest Amphibians, , São Paulo: Editora NeotropicaHeyer, W.R., The adaptive ecology of the species groups of the genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) (1969) Evolution, 23, pp. 421-428Leonard, J.L., Introduction: celebrating and understanding reproductive diversity (2010) The Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals, pp. 1-5. , J. L. Leonard, A. Córdoba-Aguilar (Eds.), New York: Oxford University PressMagnusson, W.E., Hero, J.M., Predation and the evolution of complex oviposition behaviour in Amazon rainforest frogs (1991) Oecologia, 86, pp. 310-318Miranda, D.B., Garey, M.V., Monteiro-Filho, E.L.A., Hartmann, M.T., Visual signaling and reproductive biology of Dendropsophus werneri (Anura: Hylidae) in an area of Atlantic forest in the state of Paraná, Brazil (2008) Pap Av Zool, 48, pp. 335-343Moura, M.R., Motta, A.P., Feio, R.N., An unusual reproductive mode in Hypsiboas (Anura: Hylidae) (2011) Zoologia, 28, pp. 142-144Pombal Jr., J.P., Gordo, M., Two new species of Hyla from the Atlantic forest in the state of São Paulo (Amphibia, Anura) (1991) Mem Inst Butantan, 53, pp. 135-144Pupin, N.C., Gasparini, J.L., Bastos, R.P., Haddad, C.F.B., Prado, C.P.A., Reproductive biology of an endemic Physalaemus of the Brazilian Atlantic forest, and the trade-off between clutch and egg size in terrestrial breeders of the P. signifer group (2010) Herpetol J, 20, pp. 147-156Salthe, S.N., Duellman, W.E., Quantitative constraints associated with reproductive mode in anurans (1973) Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans, pp. 229-249. , J. L. Vial (Ed.), Columbia: University of Missouri PressTaborsky, M., Brockmann, H.J., Alternative reproductive tactics and life history phenotypes (2010) Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms, pp. 537-586. , P. Kappeler (Ed.), Heidelberg: SpringerTaborsky, M., Oliveira, R.F., Brockmann, H.J., The evolution of alternative reproductive tactics: concepts and questions (2008) Alternative Reproductive Tactics: An Integrative Approach, pp. 1-21. , R. F. Oliveira, M. Taborsky, and H. J. Brockmann (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University PressToledo, L.F., Haddad, C.F.B., Reproductive biology of Scinax fuscomarginatus (Anura, Hylidae) in south-eastern Brazil (2005) J Nat Hist, 39, pp. 3029-3037Touchon, J.C., Warkentin, K.M., Reproductive mode plasticity: aquatic and terrestrial oviposition in a treefrog (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105, pp. 7495-749

Search for the associated production of the Higgs boson with a top-quark pair

2014

Measurements with silicon photomultipliers of dose-rate effects in the radiation damage of plastic scintillator tiles in the CMS hadron endcap calorimeter

Measurements are presented of the reduction of signal output due to radiation damage for two types of plastic scintillator tiles used in the hadron endcap (HE) calorimeter of the CMS detector. The tiles were exposed to particles produced in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the CERN LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to a delivered luminosity of 50 fb-1. The measurements are based on readout channels of the HE that were instrumented with silicon photomultipliers, and are derived using data from several sources: A laser calibration system, a movable radioactive source, as well as hadrons and muons produced in pp collisions. Results from several irradiation campaigns using 60Co sources are also discussed. The damage is presented as a function of dose rate. Within the range of these measurements, for a fixed dose the damage increases with decreasing dose rate

Search for resonant t(t)over-bar production in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for a heavy resonance decaying into a top quark and antiquark (t t \uaf) pair is performed using proton-proton collisions at 1a s=13 TeV. The search uses the data set collected with the CMS detector in 2016, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb 121 . The analysis considers three exclusive final states and uses reconstruction techniques that are optimized for top quarks with high Lorentz boosts, which requires the use of nonisolated leptons and jet substructure techniques. No significant excess of events relative to the expected yield from standard model processes is observed. Upper limits on the production cross section of heavy resonances decaying to a t t \uaf pair are calculated. Limits are derived for a leptophobic topcolor Z \u2032 resonance with widths of 1, 10, and 30%, relative to the mass of the resonance, and exclude masses up to 3.80, 5.25, and 6.65 TeV, respectively. Kaluza-Klein excitations of the gluon in the Randall-Sundrum model are excluded up to 4.55 TeV. To date, these are the most stringent limits on t t \uaf resonances

Observation of nuclear modifications in W-+/- boson production in pPb collisions at root s(NN)=8.16 TeV

The production of W\ub1 bosons is studied in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 1asNN=8.16TeV. Measurements are performed in the W\ub1\u2192\u3bc\ub1\u3bd\u3bc channel using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 173.4\ub16.1nb 121, collected by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC. The number of positively and negatively charged W bosons is determined separately in the muon pseudorapidity region in the laboratory frame |\u3b7lab\u3bc|<2.4 and transverse momentum pT\u3bc>25GeV/c. The W\ub1 boson differential cross sections, muon charge asymmetry, and the ratios of W\ub1 boson yields for the proton-going over the Pb-going beam directions are reported as a function of the muon pseudorapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass frame. The measurements are compared to the predictions from theoretical calculations based on parton distribution functions (PDFs) at next-to-leading-order. The results favour PDF calculations that include nuclear modifications and provide constraints on the nuclear PDF global fits