65 research outputs found
Synchronizing automata with random inputs
We study the problem of synchronization of automata with random inputs. We
present a series of automata such that the expected number of steps until
synchronization is exponential in the number of states. At the same time, we
show that the expected number of letters to synchronize any pair of the famous
Cerny automata is at most cubic in the number of states
Complexity of checking whether two automata are synchronized by the same language
A deterministic finite automaton is said to be synchronizing if it has a
reset word, i.e. a word that brings all states of the automaton to a particular
one. We prove that it is a PSPACE-complete problem to check whether the
language of reset words for a given automaton coincides with the language of
reset words for some particular automaton.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²
Global climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions is one of the most pressing problems of our time. With an abundance of information on carbon dioxide emissions, information on other greenhouse gases are not as widely presented. This article describes the impact of operational and recreational pressure on the flow of methane and nitrous oxide urban ecosystem represented different kinds of lawns.ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ± ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΈΡΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²
Association of Polymorphisms of Serotonin Transporter (5HTTLPR) and 5-HT2C Receptor Genes with Criminal Behavior in Russian Criminal Offenders
Background: Human aggression is a heterogeneous behavior with biological, psychological, and social backgrounds. As the biological mechanisms that regulate aggression are components of both reward-seeking and adversity-fleeing behavior, these phenomena are difficult to disentangle into separate neurochemical processes. Nevertheless, evidence exists linking some forms of ag
Reconstitution of electrogenic function in isolated pigment-protein complexes of Anabaena variabilis
Treatment of Anabaena variabilis membranes with lauryldimethylamine N-oxide yielded two fractions of pigment-protein complexes which were separable by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. A green fraction was characterized which had a maximum of the chlorophyll long-wave absorption band at 678 nm and a small amount of carotenoid. In this fraction, Photosystem I activity was higher than in another (brownish-green) fraction which had a maximum of the chlorophyll absorption band at 673 nm and which was enriched in carotenoids. Similarly to isolated membranes, proteoliposomes containing pigment-protein complexes took up tetraphenylborate anions and tetraphenylphosphonium cations and were found to be capable of light-dependent membrane potential generation, when associated with a planar phospholipid membrane in the presence of reduced phenazine methosulfate upon illumination. The spatial arrangement of the pigment-protein complexes in the native and artificial membranes is discussed. Β© 1982
Reconstitution of electrogenic function in isolated pigment-protein complexes of Anabaena variabilis
Treatment of Anabaena variabilis membranes with lauryldimethylamine N-oxide yielded two fractions of pigment-protein complexes which were separable by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. A green fraction was characterized which had a maximum of the chlorophyll long-wave absorption band at 678 nm and a small amount of carotenoid. In this fraction, Photosystem I activity was higher than in another (brownish-green) fraction which had a maximum of the chlorophyll absorption band at 673 nm and which was enriched in carotenoids. Similarly to isolated membranes, proteoliposomes containing pigment-protein complexes took up tetraphenylborate anions and tetraphenylphosphonium cations and were found to be capable of light-dependent membrane potential generation, when associated with a planar phospholipid membrane in the presence of reduced phenazine methosulfate upon illumination. The spatial arrangement of the pigment-protein complexes in the native and artificial membranes is discussed. Β© 1982
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