Effect Of Ph On The Physical Properties Of Znin2se4 Thin Films Grown By Chemical Bath Deposition

Recently there has been much interest on the preparation and characterization of ternary semiconducting materials, mainly ZnIn2Se4 (ZIS) due to its potential applications in various fields, particularly as a buffer layer in the fabrication of heterojuction solar cells. In the present work, thin films of ZIS have been synthesized by a simple and economic method, chemical bath deposition at different pH values that vary from 9 to 11. The deposition was carried out for a fixed bath temperature (Tb) of 90 °C and constant reaction time of 60 min. Ammonia and hydrazine hydrate were used as complexing agents. The chemical and physical properties of the deposited ZIS films were analyzed using appropriate techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the deposited films were polycrystalline and showed (112) peak as the preferred orientation. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the samples had large number of granule like particles in different sizes. The optical transmittance of these samples was found to be > 75 % in the visible region and the evaluated energy band gap varied from 2.15 eV to 2.64 eV with the change of pH value in the range, 9 - 11. The detailed study of these results were presented and discussed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/939

Comparison of Atomic Level Simulation Studies of MOSFETs Containing Silica and Lantana Nanooxide Layers

The intense downscaling of a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) to nano range for improving the device performance requires a high-k dielectric material instead of conventional silica (SiO2) as to avoid Quantum Mechanical Tunneling towards the gate terminal which leads to unnecessary gate current. Out of all the rare earth oxide materials, since lanthana (La2O3) has significantly high dielectric constant (k) and bandgap, we’ve chosen it as oxide layer for one of the MOSFETs. In this work, we simulated two MOSFETs – one with nano SiO2 oxide layer and other with nano La2O3 oxide layer in the atomic level to analyze and compare the transmission spectra, I-V characteristics and Channel conductance of both the MOSFETs. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3555

Consciousness Levels Detection Using Discrete Wavelet Transforms on Single Channel EEG Under Simulated Workload Conditions

EEG signal is one of the most complex signals having the lowest amplitude which makes it challenging for analysis in real-time. The different waveforms like alpha, beta, theta and delta were studied and selected features were related with the consciousness levels. The consciousness levels detection is useful for estimating the subjects’ performance in certain selected tasks which requires high alertness. This estimation was performed by analyzing signal properties of the EEG using features extracted through discrete wavelet transform with a moving window of 10 seconds with 90% overlap. The EEG signal is decomposed in to wavelets and the average energy and power of the coefficients related to the EEG bands is taken as the features. The data is collected from standard EEG machine from the volunteers as per the protocol. C3 and C4 locations (unipolar) of the standard 10-20 electrode system were selected. The central region of the brain is most optimal location for the consciousness levels detection. The estimation of the data using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) energy, power features provided better accuracy when the central regions were chosen. An accuracy of 99% was achieved when the algorithm was implemented using a classifier based on linear kernel support vector machines (SVM)

Tolerance in chickpea to Meloidogyne javanica

Quarante-sept cultivars de pois chiche ont été testés pour leur résistance ou leur tolérance envers #Meloidogyne javanica en notant leur croissance dans des sols infestés et des sols sans nématodes. En se fondant sur le nombre de galles, la taille de celles-ci, la surface des racines occupée par les galles et le nombre de masses d'oeufs produites, tous les cultivars paraissent sensibles. L'infestation par le nématode provoque un nanisme, un jaunissement, un dessèchement précoce et une chute des feuilles. Une analyse de régression démontre que la hauteur des plants, le poids des pieds, celui des racines et celui des gousses diminuent lorsque l'infestation augmente. La floraison de deux cultivars tardifs, Pant G 114 et Phule G 1, est retardée dans les sols infestés tandis que chez les cultivars précoces cette floraison est soit avancée soit indifférente à l'infestation par le nématode. Le rapport du poids des racines dans les sols infestés et non infestés - seuil de tolérance - démontre que les cultivars Pant G 114, Phule G 1, GNG 146 et Annigini n'ont qu'un faible niveau de tolérance à #M. javanica. Le niveau de tolérance des cultivars Bheema, N 31 et N 39 est d'environ 4,0 oeufs/gr-1 de sol. Dans un sol infesté, l'absorption de calcium par le cultivar tolérant N 31 est plus élevée que par le cultivar non tolérant Phule G 1. Dans un champ infesté par une population mixte de #M. javanica et #M. incognita, les performances des cultivars tolérants prometteurs N 31, N 59, ICCC 42 et de la lignée de croisement ICCV 90043 se sont révélées meilleures que celles des autres génotypes de pois chiche. (Résumé d'auteur

Challenges Faced During eCTD and CTD Filling Procedures for USFDA and Canada

Electronic Common Technical Document (eCTD) is a topic of increasing interest in the pharmaceutical Industry as it become compulsory for filing procedures.  The Common Technical Document (CTD) is a set of specification for application dossier, for the registration of Medicines and designed to be used across Europe, Japan and the United States.Quality, Safety and Efficacy information is assembled in a common format through CTD .The CTD is maintained by the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Electronic common technical documentis an interface used by applicants of marketing authorisation for medical products to submit regulatory affairs document to the agency concerned. The purpose of this article is to present a concise overview of challenges faced during eCTD & CTD submissions in United States and Canada. A regulatory process, by which a person/organization/ sponsor/innovator gets authorization to launch a drug in the market, is known as registration process. The registration process will be done by submitting technical information to the authority Keywords: electronic common technical document (ECTD)/ (CTD), International conference on hormonisation (ICH), Drug registration process

Efeitos da quitosana no desenvolvimento in vitro de videiras cv. merlot e no crescimento micelial do fungo elsinoe ampelina.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito da quitosana no desenvolvimento in vitro de plântulas de videira cv. Merlot e sua atividade antifúngica sobre Elsinoe ampelina. No primeiro experimento, explantes da cultivar Merlot foram transferidos para meio de cultura DSD1, acrescido das concentrações 0; 25; 50,100; 150 e 200 mg L-1 de quitosana. Após 90 dias de cultivo in vitro, as plântulas foram avaliadas quanto ao número de raízes e de folhas, porcentagem de enraizamento e brotação, comprimento de raízes e de parte aérea, massa fresca da planta. No segundo experimento, incorporou-se às concentrações 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 e 300 mg L-1 de quitosana ao meio BDA, onde inoculou-se o fungo. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o crescimento micelial aos 6 e 9 dias de incubação a 25º C no escuro. No primeiro experimento para as variáveis comprimento médio da parte aérea, massa fresca da planta inteira, porcentagem de enraizamento e porcentagem de estacas brotadas houve decréscimo linear em função das concentrações de quitosana. No segundo experimento, houve efeito linear negativo em função das concentrações crescentes de quitosana, sendo que a inibição do crescimento micelial foi de 81,7%, demonstrando o grande potencial do uso de quitosana no controle da antracnose da videira

Nanomedicine Clinical Use, Regulatory and Toxicology Issues in Europe

Nano medicine is a revolutionizing field that can benefit both diagnosis and treatment and contribute to a better quality of life. Despite the expected huge benefits, the potential risks on human health are significant as well. This thesis aims to defense a perspective that in case of nascent technologies, where the data are still emerging and scientific uncertainty prevails, risk governance should sustain the process of scientific knowledge by developing guidelines, codes of conduct and public information and provide a minimum level of safety acceptable to protect human health. Although Nano medicine is at an early stage of development some cautious measures should be taken that will provide regulatory mechanisms able to respond to the challenges posed by Nano medicine, establish a minimum level of safety but will also allow the further promotion of scientific knowledge. This multidisciplinary approach can contribute in adopting regulatory choices and tools that will help manage the risks, protect human health and promote scientific knowledge.  As the technologies are designed based on a clear understanding of a particular disease, disease specific oriented focus is required for the development of novel pharmaceuticals. In addition, it will be important to establish a case-by-case approach to clinical and regulatory evaluation of each Nano pharmaceutical. High priority should be given to enhancing communication and exchange of information among academia, industry and regulatory agencies encompassing all facets of this multidisciplinary approach. Keywords: novel pharmaceuticals, Nano pharmaceuticals, toxicological issues, clinical use, Nano medicine

Greedy Algorithms for Finding Entanglement Swap Paths in Quantum Networks

The entanglement swap primitive facilitates the establishment of shared entanglement between non-adjacent nodes in a quantum network. This shared entanglement can subsequently be used for executing quantum communication protocols. The fundamental problem in quantum networks is to determine a path for entanglement swapping in response to demands for entanglement sharing between pairs of nodes. We investigate variants of this problem in this work. We propose a framework of Greedy algorithms that can be tweaked towards optimizing on various objective functions. In conjunction with a novel Spatial and Temporal (split across multiple paths) splitting approach to entanglement routing, we use this framework, which we call GST, to investigate the scenario when the demands are specified in terms of a starting time and a deadline. Considering the fragile nature of quantum memory, "bursty"demands are natural, and therefore the setting is important. We study the algorithm for maximizing the number of satisfied demands and the number of entangled pairs shared. We report empirical results on the performance against these objective functions, and compare with a naive algorithm that involves neither temporal and spatial splitting of the demands, nor the greedy approach to scheduling the demands

Electrochemical and lithium-ion transport properties of layered Li-rich Li1.10(Ni0.32X0.01Co0.33Mn0.33)O2(X = Dy/Gd/Ho) positive electrodes

Layer structured Li1.10(Ni0.32X0.01Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 (X = Dy/Gd/Ho) compounds were synthesized via the microwave assisted solvothermal route. The impacts of doping on the electrical and electrochemical properties of Li1.10 (Ni0.32X0.01Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 compounds were investigated. Rietveld refined XRD pattern showed Li1.10 (Ni0.32X0.01Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 compounds with layered hexagonal structure. SEM images revealed the compounds with micrometer sized grains. The Li1.10 (Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 compound delivered an initial discharge capacity of 197 mAh/g at 0.2C and retained a capacity of 163mAh/g after 50th cycle in the voltage window of 2.5-4.6V. The cycling stability of Li1.10(Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 compound was improved with rare earth doping. Li1.10(Ni0.32Dy0.01Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 compound delivered the discharge capacity of 166 mAh/g after50th cycle in the potential window 2.5-4.6V at 0.2C with 100% capacity retention. AC impedance studies displayed the electrical conductivity in the order of 10-6 S/cm. Wagner polarization analysis revealed the improvement in electronic transference number via rare earth doping