Genetic diversity analysis of traditional and improved cultivars of Pakistani rice ( Oryza sativa L.) using RAPD markers

The molecular marker is a useful tool for assessing genetic variations and resolving cultivar identities. Information on genetic diversity and relationships among rice genotypes from Pakistan is currently very limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms and identities of 10 traditional, 28 improved and 2 Japanese cultivars of rice using the random amplified polymorphic DNA technique. Twenty-five decamer-primers could generate a total of 208 RAPD fragments, of which 186 or 89.4% were polymorphic. The number of amplification products produced by each primer varied from 4 to 16 with an average of 8.3 bands primer-1. The size of amplified fragments were ranged from 200 to 4000 bp. Pair-wise Nei and Li's similarity had estimated the range of 0.50 to 0.96 between rice cultivars. Based on analysis performed on a similarity matrix using UPGMA, 40 cultivars were grouped into 3 main clusters corresponding to aromatic, non-aromatic and japonica group. There were a few of independent cultivars. The cluster analysis had placed most of the aromatic cultivars into a close relation showing a high level of genetic relatedness. However, the clusters formed by the aromatic cultivars were distinct from those of non-aromatic and japonica types. Interestingly, a number of improved and traditional cultivars originating from diverse sources did not form well defined groups and were interspersed, indicating no association between the RAPD patterns and the geographic origin of the cultivars. The information generated from this study can be used to maximize selection of diverse parents and broaden the germplasm base in the future of rice breeding programs

Effect of maternal yeast feeding on dam performance and serum health biomarkers of Beetal goat kids

Supplementation with dietary yeast has improved digestibility and productive performance in ruminants. In this research the primary objective was to appraise the effects of dietary yeast supplementation of female goats during the transition period on milk composition and yield and on production and serum health biomarkers of their kids. Twenty-four Beetal goats (4 ± 1.2 years) were randomly assigned to three groups, which received 0, 5, and 10 grams/animal/day of live dried yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 60 days (30 days pre- and post-partum). All goats were fed 500 grams of concentrate with water and green fodder ad libitum. Milk samples were collected at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post kidding. Kids were weighed on days 0, 7, 15, 22, and 30, and blood samples were collected on days 15 and 30 for serum metabolites (glucose, urea, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, albumin to globulin ratio, serum oxidant and antioxidant activity (malondialdehyde) (MDA) and catalase), and liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) assessment. Milk yield was significantly (P =0.02) higher during the post-partum period in yeast-fed goats. Yeast-fed goats also produced milk containing more fat (P <0.001) and protein (P <0.001) compared with control goats. Birth weight, average daily gain, and serum health biomarkers of the kids were not influenced by the treatments. In conclusion, dietary yeast supplementation resulted in increased production performance of the dams without significant impact on their offspring.Keywords: average daily gain, catalase activity, hepatic enzymes, milk production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transition perio

Prevalence of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses in poultry in selected areas of Bangladesh using rapid antigen detection kit

Background: Avian Influenza (AIV) and Newcastle Disease Viruses (NDV) are the two most important culprit in poultry diseases causing serious economic loss in the poultry industry in the world as well as in Bangladesh. However, there is no study for the simultaneously detection of AIV and NDV using rapid diagnostic kit in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses in poultry in the selected areas in Bangladesh. Methods: Avian Influenza (AIV) and Newcastle Disease Viruses (NDV) were detected using rapid antigen detection kit from field samples of poultry in Bangladesh. The cloacal swabs were collected from randomly selected 10 birds (broiler, layer, and native chicken, and duck) to detect AIV and NDV in four different districts or areas, and a total of 160 field samples were successfully tested in this study. Findings: Overall prevalence of AIV and NDV in different species of birds was 6.8% and 38.1%, respectively. The prevalence of AIV in layer and broiler bird was 15.0% and 12.5%, respectively. The prevalence of NDV in layer, broiler, native bird and duck was 37.5%, 32.5%, 55.0% and 27.5%, respectively. The prevalence of AIV in Dhaka, Gazipur, Mymensingh and Bogra districts were 12.5%, 12.5%, 0.0%, and 2.5%, respectively. The prevalence of NDV in Dhaka, Gazipur, Mymensingh and Bogra districts were 50.0%, 45.0%, 25.0%, and 32.5%, respectively. In galliformes, the prevalence of AIV and NDV was 9.16% and 41.6%, respectively. In anseriformes prevalence of AIV and NDV was 0.0% and 27.5%, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first time that we are using these types of kit in Bangladesh and it’s concluded that the test is very easy and rapid, less laborious, less time consuming and non expensive for the detection and differentiation of AIV and NDV in Bangladesh

A comparative study of cefixime and chloramphenicol in children with Typhoid fever

[no abstract available

Genetic diversity analysis of traditional and improved cultivars of Pakistani rice ( Oryza sativa L.) using RAPD markers

The molecular marker is a useful tool for assessing genetic variations and resolving cultivar identities. Information on genetic diversity and relationships among rice genotypes from Pakistan is currently very limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms and identities of 10 traditional, 28 improved and 2 Japanese cultivars of rice using the random amplified polymorphic DNA technique. Twenty-five decamer-primers could generate a total of 208 RAPD fragments, of which 186 or 89.4% were polymorphic. The number of amplification products produced by each primer varied from 4 to 16 with an average of 8.3 bands primer-1. The size of amplified fragments were ranged from 200 to 4000 bp. Pair-wise Nei and Li's similarity had estimated the range of 0.50 to 0.96 between rice cultivars. Based on analysis performed on a similarity matrix using UPGMA, 40 cultivars were grouped into 3 main clusters corresponding to aromatic, non-aromatic and japonica group. There were a few of independent cultivars. The cluster analysis had placed most of the aromatic cultivars into a close relation showing a high level of genetic relatedness. However, the clusters formed by the aromatic cultivars were distinct from those of non-aromatic and japonica types. Interestingly, a number of improved and traditional cultivars originating from diverse sources did not form well defined groups and were interspersed, indicating no association between the RAPD patterns and the geographic origin of the cultivars. The information generated from this study can be used to maximize selection of diverse parents and broaden the germplasm base in the future of rice breeding programs