Error sources and data limitations for the prediction ofsurface gravity: a case study using benchmarks

Gravity-based heights require gravity values at levelled benchmarks (BMs), whichsometimes have to be predicted from surrounding observations. We use EGM2008 andthe Australian National Gravity Database (ANGD) as examples of model and terrestrialobserved data respectively to predict gravity at Australian national levelling network(ANLN) BMs. The aim is to quantify errors that may propagate into the predicted BMgravity values and then into gravimetric height corrections (HCs). Our results indicatethat an approximate ±1 arc-minute horizontal position error of the BMs causesmaximum errors in EGM2008 BM gravity of ~ 22 mGal (~55 mm in the HC at ~2200 melevation) and ~18 mGal for ANGD BM gravity because the values are not computed atthe true location of the BM. We use RTM (residual terrain modelling) techniques toshow that ~50% of EGM2008 BM gravity error in a moderately mountainous regioncan be accounted for by signal omission. Non-representative sampling of ANGDgravity in this region may cause errors of up to 50 mGals (~120 mm for the Helmertorthometric correction at ~2200 m elevation). For modelled gravity at BMs to beviable, levelling networks need horizontal BM positions accurate to a few metres, whileRTM techniques can be used to reduce signal omission error. Unrepresentative gravitysampling in mountains can be remedied by denser and more representative re-surveys,and/or gravity can be forward modelled into regions of sparser gravity

A simple strategy for heritable chromosomal deletions in zebrafish via the combinatorial action of targeting nucleases

10.1186/gb-2013-14-7-r69Genome Biology147-GNBL

Influence of sleep on developing brain functions and structures in children and adolescents: A systematic review

This systematic review examined the associations between sleep and brain functions and structures in children and adolescents aged 1–17 ys. Included studies (n = 24) were peer-reviewed and met the a priori determined population (apparently healthy children and adolescents aged 1 y to 17 ys), intervention/exposure/comparator (various sleep characteristics including duration, architecture, quality, timing), and outcome criteria (brain functions and/or brain structures, excluding cognitive function outcomes). Collectively, the reviewed studies report some relationships between inadequate sleep and resultant differences in brain functions or structures. Although the research presented supports and offers more insight into the importance of sleep for the developing brain of children and adolescents, no firm conclusions that apply broadly may be drawn from these results, particularly because of the diversity of the sleep variables and outcomes. However, it is clear that sleeping habits in the pediatric population should be prioritized. Health care providers should continue to recommend healthy sleep practices and adequate time for sleep, as they are essential for overall health, including brain health

本校學生志工 揮灑色彩 轉變社區新氣象

[[abstract]]位於彰化縣花壇鄉的白沙社區，去年十月有一群大學生進入當地，開始為期十三週的社區微整形計畫。當地居民表示，此行動改變了社區長期單調的風貌，為此地注入活力，並增進居民之間的凝聚力。這是一群來自國立彰化師範大學的同學們，彩繪三個月左右的成果，由輔導與諮商學系的系學會主辦，帶領系上同學透過彩繪實踐服務學習的精神，也與當地的居民一同創作社區圍牆，體驗彩繪的樂趣！ 　　彩繪社區的主題十分豐富且貼近當地文化特色，亦與農特產結合，例如龍眼及竹筍，更融合社區特色的當地「迎燈排」的民俗活動，期望新一代的青年能對於社區文化有更深的認識與認同。 　　活動主辦人之一的楊芷惟同學表示，當初想要舉辦此創新的活動是因為一直以來都有一個走入偏鄉彩繪的夢想，希望可以讓「美」圍繞在居民的生活中。在彩繪過程中，白沙社區發展協會提供了所有的油漆與畫具，讓同學們進行彩繪。此外，當地社區媽媽們的熱情招呼與準備的下午點心讓大學生印象深刻，享受社區的人情味。 　　彩繪社區服務計畫成果發表會於104年1月16日在本校明德館舉行，白沙社區發展協會及白沙國小代表社區頒發服務證書給參與的同學們，感謝此群大學生為社區穿上新衣，增添生命力。此成果發表會不僅讓服務的大學生回顧這些日子彩繪的點滴，檢視自己投入社區的成果，更讓社區居民們看見社區的轉變。 　　為期十三週的彩繪社區服務計畫雖然已於日前落幕，但服務的溫度依然延續，也期盼這份熱情能影響更多的大學生，投入社區服務。（輔導與諮商學系