2,093 research outputs found
Atherosclerotic carotid plaque composition: a 3T and 7T MRI-histology correlation study
Background and Purpose
Carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque composition may influence plaque stability and risk of
thromboembolic events, and non-invasive plaque imaging may therefore permit risk
stratification for clinical management. Plaque composition was compared using non-invasive
in-vivo (3T) and ex-vivo (7T) MRI and histopathological examination.
Methods
Thirty three endarterectomy cross sections, from 13 patients, were studied. The datasets
consisted of in-vivo 3T MRI, ex-vivo 7T MRI and histopathology. Semi-automated
segmentation methods were used to measure areas of different plaque components. Bland-
Altman plots and mean difference with 95% confidence interval were carried out.
Results
There was general quantitative agreement between areas derived from semi-automated
segmentation of MRI data and histology measurements. The mean differences and 95%
confidence bounds in the relative to total plaque area between 3T versus Histology were:
fibrous tissue 4.99 % (-4.56 to 14.56), lipid-rich/necrotic core (LR/NC) with haemorrhage -
1.81% (-14.11 to 10.48), LR/NC without haemorrhage -2.43% (-13.04 to 8.17), and
calcification -3.18% (-11.55 to 5.18). The mean differences and 95% confidence bounds in
the relative to total plaque area between 7T and histology were: fibrous tissue 3.17 % (-3.17
to 9.52), LR/NC with haemorrhage -0.55% (-9.06 to 7.95), LR/NC without haemorrhage -
12.62% (-19.8 to -5.45), and calcification -2.43% (-9.97 to 4.73).
Conclusions
This study provides evidence that semi-automated segmentation of 3T/7T MRI techniques
can help to determine atherosclerotic plaque composition. In particular, the high resolution of
ex-vivo 7T data was able to highlight greater detail in the atherosclerotic plaque composition.
High field MRI may therefore have advantages for in vivo carotid plaque MR imaging
Phase-space analysis of interacting phantom cosmology
We perform a detailed phase-space analysis of various phantom cosmological
models, where the dark energy sector interacts with the dark matter one. We
examine whether there exist late-time scaling attractors, corresponding to an
accelerating universe and possessing dark energy and dark matter densities of
the same order. We find that all the examined models, although accepting stable
late-time accelerated solutions, cannot alleviate the coincidence problem,
unless one imposes a form of fine-tuning in the model parameters. It seems that
interacting phantom cosmology cannot fulfill the basic requirement that led to
its construction.Comment: 6 figures, use revtex, v2: minor corrections, references added,
accepted for publication in JCA
Consumer Search and Oligopolistic Pricing: An Empirical Investigation
This paper presents an empirical examination of oligopoly pricing and consumer search. The theoretical model allows for sequential and non-sequential search and using the theoretical restrictions firm and consumer behavior impose on the data we study the empirical validity of the models. Two equilibria arise: one with costless search and the other with costly search. We find that the costless search equilibrium works well for products with a relatively low value, and, by implication, a small number of sellers. By contrast, the costly search equilibrium explains the observed data in a manner that is consistent with the underlying theoretical model for almost all products (for 86 out of 87!)
A Note on Costly Sequential Search and Oligopoly Pricing
We modify the paper of Stahl (1989) on sequential consumer search in an oligopoly context by relaxing the assumption that consumers obtain the first price quotation for free. When all price quotations are costly to obtain, a new equilibrium arises where consumers randomize between not searching at all and searching for one price. The region of parameters for which this equilibrium exists becomes larger as the number of shoppers decreases and/or the number of firms increases. The comparative statics properties of this new equilibrium are interesting. In particular, the expected price increases as search cost decreases, and is constant in the number of shoppers and in the number of firms. We show that the Diamond result never obtains with truly costly search
Entropy spectrum of a Kerr anti-de Sitter black hole
The entropy spectrum of a spherically symmetric black hole was derived
without the quasinormal modes in the work of Majhi and Vagenas. Extending this
work to rotating black holes, we quantize the entropy and the horizon area of a
Kerr anti-de Sitter black hole by two methods. The spectra of entropy and area
are obtained via the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule and the adiabatic
invariance in the first way. By addressing the wave function of emitted
(absorbed) particles, the entropy and the area are quantized in the second one.
Both results show that the entropy and the area spectra are equally spaced.Comment: Accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal C, Volume
72, Issue
Cell damage produced by magnetic fluid hyperthermia on microglial BV2 cells
We present evidence on the effects of exogenous heating by water bath (WB) and magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) on a glial micro-tumor phantom. To this, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of 30-40 nm were designed to obtain particle sizes for maximum heating efficiency. The specific power absorption (SPA) values (f = 560 kHz, H = 23.9 kA/m) for as prepared colloids (533-605 W/g) dropped to 98-279 W/g in culture medium. The analysis of the intracellular MNPs distribution showed vesicle-trapped MNPs agglomerates spread along the cytoplasm, as well as large (~0.5-0.9 µm) clusters attached to the cell membrane. Immediately after WB and MHT (T = 46 °C for 30 min) the cell viability was ˜70% and, after 4.5 h, decreased to 20-25%, demonstrating that metabolic processes are involved in cell killing. The analysis of the cell structures after MHT revealed a significant damage of the cell membrane that is correlated to the location of MNPs clusters, while local cell damage were less noticeable after WB without MNPs. In spite of the similar thermal effects of WB and MHT on the cell viability, our results suggest that there is an additional mechanism of cell damage related to the presence of MNPs at the intracellular space
Optical binding-driven micropatterning and photosculpting with silver nanorods
Controlling the nano- and micropatterning of metal structures is an important requirement for various technological applications in photonics and biosensing. This work presents a method for controllably creating silver micropatterns by laser-induced photosculpting. Photosculpting is driven by plasmonic interactions between pulsed laser radiation and silver nanorods (AgNRs) in aqueous suspension; this process leads to optical binding forces transporting the AgNRs in the surroundings, while electronic thermalization results in photooxidation, melting, and ripening of the AgNRs into well-defined 3D structures. This work call these structures Airy castles due to their structural similarity with a diffraction-limited Airy disk. The photosculpted Airy castles contain emissive Ag nanoclusters, allowing for the visualization and examination of the aggregation process using luminescence microscopy. This work comprehensively examines the factors that define the photosculpting process, namely, the concentration and shape of the AgNRs, as well as the energy, power, and repetition rate of the laser. Finally, this work investigates the potential applications by measuring the metal-enhanced luminescence of a europium-based luminophore using Airy castles
Generalized Chaplygin gas model: Cosmological consequences and statefinder diagnosis
The generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) model in spatially flat universe is
investigated. The cosmological consequences led by GCG model including the
evolution of EoS parameter, deceleration parameter and dimensionless Hubble
parameter are calculated. We show that the GCG model behaves as a general
quintessence model. The GCG model can also represent the pressureless CDM model
at the early time and cosmological constant model at the late time. The
dependency of transition from decelerated expansion to accelerated expansion on
the parameters of model is investigated. The statefinder parameters and
in this model are derived and the evolutionary trajectories in plane are
plotted. Finally, based on current observational data, we plot the evolutionary
trajectories in and planes for best fit values of the parameters of
GCG model. It has been shown that although, there are similarities between GCG
model and other forms of chaplygin gas in statefinder plane, but the distance
of this model from the CDM fixed point in diagram is shorter
compare with standard chaplygin gas model.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted in Astrophys Space Sci. (2011
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