The structure of PGC Morale Scale in American and Japanese aged: A further note

This study involves a further replication of cross-cultural comparison of the structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS). Using Japanese and American data sets, the present research replicates and extends the findings reported by Liang et al. (1987). In particular, the earlier findings that four PGCMS items behave differently in two cultures are replicated. The present study yields two additional observations. First, the invariance in the PGCMS can now be extended beyond the urban elderly residents studied by Liang et al. (1987) to the entire aged population in the U.S. and Japan. Second, this comparability is robust despite the elimination of correlated measurement errors from the earlier specifications and when several exogenous variables are controlled. Further, the impact of selected demographic variables on the PGCMS was evaluated. In addition, qualitative data from in-depth interviews provide further insights concerning the cultural differences in the expression of well-being.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42991/1/10823_2004_Article_BF00116576.pd

The sodium ion affinity of glycylglycine

International audienceThe sodium ion affinity of the simplest peptide, glycylglycine (GlyGly), is determined by the kinetic method, from the dissociation kinetics of Na+-bound dimers of GlyGly and amino acid reference bases. The dimer ions are formed by electrospray ionization and their competitive dissociations to the metalated monomers are probed by collisionally activated dissociation in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The experimental value derived is 203±8 kJ mol-1 (ΔHNa at 298 K). Concurrent high-level ab initio calculations predict a GlyGly-Na+ bond enthalpy of 200 kJ mol-1, in excellent agreement with the experimental result. The most stable structure of the GlyGly-Na+ complex found by the ab initio calculations involves solvation of the metal charge by the multidentate GlyGly ligand. The Na+ affinity reported here lies substantially above older literature values (177-181 kJ mol-1). Plausible reasons for the earlier underestimations are briefly discussed

Evaluation of the effect of a special cooling liquid on thermal state of athletes at high temperatures

Aim. The article presents the results of the effectiveness of cooling liquid. In addition, the way it affects the thermal state of athletes at high temperatures. Material and Methods. The study involved seven male athletes of cyclic sports. The sportsmen had a senior or higher and an average age of 19.29±1.80 years. All passed a 2-fold examination, which included collection of anamnesis, complaints about health, medical examination, weight measurement, subjective evaluation of heat thermometry (rectal and skin (in 5 points)), ergospirometry testing. Changing the thermal state of the athletes, founded by the dynamics of average skin temperature and rectal temperature. Also, subjective evaluation of thermal sensations was taken into account. Meanwhile the efficiency of special cooling liquid determined by the dynamic run-time load, maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of exchange. Results. The use of special cooling liquid makes it possible to increase the time of aerobic load tolerance in conditions of high temperatures by an average of 2.5%. This was accompanied by a decrease in rectal temperature and average skin temperature throughout the stress test. There is also a positive effect on the subjective level of heat sensations. Conclusions. We conclude that it is advisable to use cooling liquid for summer sports teams in the performance of a specific physical activity. However first conducted individual tests on the subject of possible adverse allergic reactions.</p

All Bachelors are Unmarried Men (p > 0.05)

significance testing, nonempirical, conceptual analysis, pseudoempirical, quantitative analysis,