USE OF GENETIC VARIABILITY ESTIMATES AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF AGRONOMIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERS FOR SELECTION OF LUPIN GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES

Lupin is important grain legume crop and component of the sustainable farming system of the Mediterranean climate region. Low yield and lack of stability of currently registered varieties make white lupin acreage is small. Therefore, the relationships among grain yield and its components are controversial subjects in agronomic studies, especially under stress conditions. Five genotypes of yellow lupinus were tested in 2-year field trials (2008/2009 and 2009/2010) under two watering regimes: fully irrigated (W0) and water stress (Ws), and two inoculation treatments (commercial inoculation and un-inoculation). The objective was to evaluate the responses of 11 agronomic and biochemical traits to water stress based on estimation of genetic parameters and contribution to seed yield. Results showed that, all traits were significantly affected by irrigation treatments, except number of primary branches and 100 seed weight under W0, and number of primary branches and pods plant-1 under Ws. According to the analysis of linear regression of the measured traits against seed yield per ha, nodule dry weight, root dry weight, pods plant-1 and 100-seed weights with the greatest genotypic variation, contributed the highest to drought tolerance. However, the contribution of catalase (CAT) was higher under Ws compared to Peroxides POD. The values of phenotypic coefficient of variation in Ws were higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation values for all characters, but the differences between them were low for all traits. Catalase and peroxidase activity, seed yield, root and nodule dry weight showed high genetic advance (GA%) and heritability estimates. Drought tolerance index (DTI) and geometric mean (GM) were found to be effective indices for selection of superior drought-tolerant genotype (LR1) with good yield potential under both conditions. Genotypeby- trait biplot analysis showed that, all measured traits had strong positive effects on yield hectare-1 under Ws conditions, except protein percentage and branches plant-1.Le lupin constitue une importante graine de l\ue9gumineuses et un composant d\u2019un syst\ue8me d\u2019agriculture durable de la r\ue9gion climatique m\ue9diteran\ue9enne. Le rendement bas ainsi que le manque de stabilit\ue9 des vari\ue9t\ue9s utilis\ue9es font que le lupin blanc soit pratiqu\ue9 sur de petites \ue9tendues. Cependant, les relations entre le rendement en grains et ses composants sont des sujets controversants dans des \ue9tudes agronomiques, sp\ue9cialement en conditions de stress. Des essais \ue9taient conduits en champs sur cinq g\ue9notypes des lupins jaunes pendant deux ans (2008/2009 and 2009/2010) avec deux regimes d\u2019arrosage: irrigu\ue9 completement (W0) et stress hydrique (Ws), ainsi que deux traitements avec inoculation (inoculation commerciale et t\ue9moins sans inoculation). L\u2019objectif \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9valuer les r\ue9ponses de 11 traits agronomiques et biochimiques au stress hydrique en se basant sur des param\ue8tres g\ue9n\ue9tiques et le rendement en grains. Les r\ue9sultats ont montr\ue9 que tous les traits \ue9taient significativement affect\ue9s par les traitements d\u2019irrigation, except\ue9 le nombre des branches primaires et le poids de 100 grains sous W0 ainsi que le nombre de gousses par plant sous Ws. En se basant sur l\u2019analyse de la regression lin\ue9aire des traits measur\ue9s contre le rendement en grains par hectare, le poids sec des nodules, le poids sec des racines, le nombre des gousses par plant et le poids de 100 grains avec la plus grande variation g\ue9notypique, ont consid\ue9rablement contribu\ue9 \ue0 la tol\ue9rance \ue0 la s\ue9cheresse. Cependant, la contribution de la catalase (CAT) \ue9tait plus \ue9lev\ue9e sous Wsen comparaison auxperoxides POD. Les valeurs du coefficient ph\ue9notypique dans Ws \ue9taient plus \ue9lev\ue9es que celles des coefficients de variation g\ue9notypique correspondantes pour tous les caract\ue8res, mais leurs diff\ue9rences \ue9taient petites pour tous les traits. La catalase et l\u2019activit\ue9 p\ue9roxydase, le rendement en grains et le poids sec des racines et des nodules ont montr\ue9 une avance g\ue9n\ue9tique \ue9lev\ue9e (GA%) et les estimations de l\u2019h\ue9ritabilit\ue9. L\u2019indice de tol\ue9rance \ue0 la s\ue9cheresse (DTI) et la moyenne g\ue9om\ue9trique (GM) s\u2019\ue9taient av\ue9r\ue9s efficaces pour la s\ue9lection des g\ue9notypes de tol\ue9rance sup\ue9rieure \ue0 la s\ue9cheresse (LR1) avec un bon rendement potentiel dans toutes les deux conditions. L\u2019analyse biplot du g\ue9notype par trait a montr\ue9 que tous les traits mesur\ue9s avaient manifest\ue9 des forts effets positifs sur le rendement par hectare sous conditions Ws, sauf le pourcentage en prot\ue9ines et le nombre des branches par plant

Destruction of chemical warfare surrogates using a portable atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Today’s reality is connected with mitigation of threats from the new chemical and biological warfare agents. A novel investigation of cold plasmas in contact with liquids presented in this paper demonstrated that the chemically reactive environment produced by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is potentially capable of rapid destruction of chemical warfare agents in a broad spectrum. The decontamination of three different chemical warfare agent surrogates dissolved in liquid is investigated by using an easily transportable APPJ. The jet is powered by a kHz signal source connected to a low-voltage DC source and with He as working gas. The detailed investigation of electrical properties is performed for various plasmas at different distances from the sample. The measurements of plasma properties in situ are supported by the optical spectrometry measurements, whereas the high performance liquid chromatography measurements before and after the treatment of aqueous solutions of Malathion, Fenitrothion and Dimethyl Methylphosphonate. These solutions are used to evaluate destruction and its efficiency for specific neural agent simulants. The particular removal rates are found to be from 56% up to 96% during 10 min treatment. The data obtained provide basis to evaluate APPJ’s efficiency at different operating conditions. The presented results are promising and could be improved with different operating conditions and optimization of the decontamination process