Seleção De Espécies E Procedências De Pinus Para Região De Assis, Estado De São Paulo

The objective of the study was the selection of Pinus species and provenances for the region of Assis, state of São Paulo. The species and provenance test was established at the Assis State Forest, using the randomized blocks design with treatments represented by species (Pinus oocarpa, P. maximinoi and P. tecunumanii) and provenances of the species, four blocks and square plots with 49 plants (7 × 7), at a spacing of 3 × 2.5 m. At 21 years after planting the traits were measured: diameter at breast height (DAP), total height (ALT), individual real volume (VOL) and the survival rate (SOBRE). Significant differences were observed between species and provenances of different species (p< 0.01) for SOBRE, indicating the possibility of selection among species and provenances. The genetic divergence between species varied between growth traits from zero to 0.141, and was 0.683 for SOBRE, indicating that most of the genetic variation is distributed within species for growth traits and between species for SOBRE. Genetic and phenotypic significant and positive correlations were observed between the DAP and VOL (minimum 0.926; p< 0.01) indicating that selection for the DAP will result in an increase in the VOL. The results indicate that there are genetic variations among Pinus species and provenances of different species for SOBRE and P. oocarpa is most suitable for commercial reforestation in environmental conditions of Assis.4411167568

Controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) em solo anteriormente ocupado por vegetação de Cerrado

Estudou-se os efeitos de herbicidas, isolados ou combinados, na cultura do algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) e eficiência no controle das plantas daninhas. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP em solo Latossolo Vermelho Escuro franco argilo-arenoso, localizada no município de Selvíria, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Os tratamentos testados com as doses em kg i.a/ha foram: alachlor a 2,15 e 2,58 em pré-emergência (pré), trifluralina a 0,96 em pré-plantio incorporado ao solo (ppi) isolada ou combinada com MSMA a 1,89, ou bentazon a 0,72 ou diuron a 1,20 em pós-emergência (pós) em jato dirigido, MSMA a 2,52 em pós, linuron a 1,0 em pré diuron a 1,6 em pré ou pós e testemunhas com e sem capina. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com doze tratamentos e quatro repetições. As aplicações em ppi e a semeadura foram realizadas dia 11. 12.81 e as em pré dia 18.12.81, com um pulverizador costal de pressão constante (CO2) de 30 1b/pol2, com barra de quatro bicos tipo leque Albuz verde e consumo de calda de 250 l/ha. As aplicações em pós foram realizadas. no dia 27.12.81, com o mesmo pulverizador com um bico tipo defletor, polijet azul, com protetor de jato, com pressão de 40 1b/pol2 e consumo de 500 I/ha. As espécies dominantes foram capim - colchão (Digitaria sangnalis (L.) Scop) e caruru (Amaranthus viridis L.) que foram excelentemente controladas, até 90 dias após a semeadura, por alachlor, diuron em pré, trifluralina + diuron, que reduziram mais de 80% do peso da biomassa seca da parte aérea destas. Os herbicidas não causaram fitotoxicidade à cultura. A presença das plantas daninhas reduziu em 58,9% a produção de algodão em caroço.It was conduced field trial with the objective to study the effects of herbicides, isolated or combined, in cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and weeds control, in a soil previously occuped by cerrado vegetation, at Selviria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized block with 12 treatments and four repetitions. The treatments, dosis at kg a.i./ha, were: alachlor at 2.15 and 2.58 and diuron at 1.6 on preemergence application, trifluralin at 0.96 on preplant incorporated isolated or combined with MSMA at 1.89, or bentazon at 0.72 or diuron at 1.2 on postemergence applications; MSMA at 2.52, linuron at 1.0 and diuron at 1.6 on postemergence application and checks with or without hoeing. The treatments alachlor, diuron on preemergence application and trifluralin combined with diuron controlled Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop and Amaranthus viridis (L.) during 90 days after the sowing of cotton, decreased 80% or more of dry matter of weeds. The herbicides did not caused phytotoxicity on crop. The weed competition reduced 58.9% of cotton yield

Development And Characterization Of 14 Microsatellite Loci From An Enriched Genomic Library Of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh is an Australian tree species which occurs in various climatic and environmental conditions and show large genetic diversity. Twenty five microsatellite markers were developed from a CT 8-GT 8 enriched genomic library of E. camaldulensis. The number of alleles ranged from 4 to 13 (average of 8). The polymorphism information content (PIC) and the discriminating power (D) of each primer ranged from 0.37 to 0.88 (average of 0.72) and 0.48 to 0.99 (average of 0.84), respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.28 to 0.84 and 0.25 to 0.90, respectively. Four loci showed statistically significant from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (P, (5%) &lt; 0.0038). All polymorphic markers were tested for cross-amplification in 25 different Eucalyptus species. Those microsatellite loci will be useful to investigate questions of genetic diversity and structure, gene flow, mating system and ex situ genetic conservation of E. camaldulensis. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.11465469Billotte, N., Lagoda, P.J.R., Risterucci, A.M., Baurens, F.C., Microsatellite enriched libraries: Applied methodology for the development of SSR markers in tropical crops (1999) Fruits, 54, pp. 277-288Brondani, R.P.V., Brondani, C., Tarchini, R., Grattapaglia, D., Development, characterization and mapping of microsatellite markers in Eucalyptus grandis and (1998) Urophylla Theor Appl Genet, 97, pp. 816-827Butcher, P.A., Otero, A., McDonald, M.W., Moran, G.F., Nuclear RFLP variation in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh from northern Australia (2002) Heredity, 88, pp. 402-412Butcher, P.A., McDonald, M.W., Bell, J.C., Congruence between environmental parameters, morphology and genetic structure in Australia's most widely distributed eucalypt, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (2009) Tree Genet Genomes, 5, pp. 189-210Cordeiro, G.M., Taylor, G.O., Henry, R.J., Characterization of microsatellite markers from sugarcane (Saccharum sp.), a highly polyploidy species (2000) Plant Sci, 155, pp. 161-168Creste, S., Tulmann Neto, A., Figueira, A., Detection of single sequence repeat polymorphisms in denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gels by silver staining (2001) Plant Mol Biol Rep, 19, pp. 299-306Dexter, B.D., Rose, H.J., Davies, N., River regulation and associate forest management problems in the River Murray red gum forests (1986) Aust For, 49, pp. 16-27Don, R.H., Cox, P.T., Wainwright, B.J., Baker, K., Mattick, J.S., "Touchdown" PCR to circumvent spurious priming during gene amplification (1991) Nucleic Acids Res, 19, p. 4008Doyle, J.J., Doyle, J.L., Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue (1990) Focus, 12, pp. 13-15Eldridge, K., Davidson, J., Harwood, C., Wyk, G., (1993) Eucalypt Domestication and Breeding, pp. 60-71. , Clarendon, OxfordGoudet, J., FSTAT (Version 2.9.3.2.): A computer program to calculate F-statistics (1995) J Hered, 86, pp. 485-486Kalinowski, S.T., Taper, M.L., Marshall, T.C., Revising how computer program Cervus accommodates genotyping error increase success in paternity assignment (2007) Mol Ecol, 16, pp. 1099-1106Lewis, P., Zaykin, D., Genetic data analysis (GDA): Computer program for the analysis of allelic data (software) (2002) Version 1.1, , http://alleyn.eeb.uconn.edu/gda/Nieto, V.M., Rodriguez, J., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh (2003) Tropical Tree Seed Manual. Part II-species Descriptions, pp. 466-467. , In: Vozzo JA (ed), United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, WashingtonPryor, L.D., (1976) Biology of Eucalyptus, , Esward Arnold, LondonTemnykh, S., Declerck, G., Lukashova, A., Lipovich, L., Catinhour, S., McCouch, S., Computational and experimental analysis of microsatellites in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Frequency, length variation, transposon associations, and genetic marker potential (2001) Genome, 11, pp. 1441-1452Tessier, C., David, J., This, P., Boursiquot, J.M., Charrier, A., Optimization of the choice of molecular markers for varietal identification in Vitis vinifera L (1999) Theor Appl Genet, 98, pp. 171-17

Variação genética em progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva F.F. & M.F. Allemão em três sistemas de cultivo Genetic variation in progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva F.F. & M.F. Allemao in three cultivation systems

Myracrodruon urundeuva (aroeira) é uma das espécies arbóreas que apresentam madeira de maior durabilidade em contato com o solo. Em razão dessa característica, populações naturais de M. urundeuva, distribuídas por quase todo o Brasil, vêm sendo dizimadas. Desse modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a expressão da variação genética em uma população natural de M. urundeuva procedente da Estação Ecológica do Instituto Florestal, localizada em Paulo de Faria, SP. Coletaram-se sementes de 30 árvores de polinização livre, em setembro de 1996. Com esse material, foram instalados três testes de progênies em diferentes sistemas de plantio em Selvíria, MS, obedecendo a um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 30 tratamentos (progênies) e três repetições. Foi assumido o modelo de cruzamento misto para essa espécie. Verificou-se que houve diferença significativa nos efeitos de progênies e ambiente (testes de progênies), e a interação progênies x ambientes não foi significativa. Desse modo, as progênies apresentaram comportamento semelhante nos diferentes ambientes. A melhor "performance" das progênies foi no plantio envolvendo M. urundeuva, Guazuma ulmifolia (Lam) e Anandenanthera falcata (Benth. Speg.), as quais também apresentaram considerável variação genética, indicando alto valor para programas de conservação e melhoramento genético.<br>Myracrodruon urundeuva is one of the tree species the wood that presents the longest durability when in contact with soil. Because of this characteristic, populations of M. urundeuva have been decimated throughout Brazil. Therefore, this work aimed at analyzing the expression of genetic variation in a natural population of M. urundeuva from the Ecological Station of the Forest Institute, located in Paulo de Faria-SP. Seeds were collected from 30 free-pollination trees in September, 1996. By using this material, three progeny trials were installed in different planting systems in Selvíria - MS, following a block design with 30 treatments (progenies) and three replications. The mixed crossbreeding model for M. urundeuva was assumed. Significant differences were observed for progeny effects (progeny trials) although the progenies-environments interaction was not significant. Thus, progenies presented the same behavior in different environments; however, their best performance was in the planting involving M. urundeuva, Guazuma ulmifolia (Lam) and Anandenanthera falcata (Benth. Speg.). The progenies also presented considerable genetic variation; hence its utilization in programs for conservation and genetic improvement