Ecology and diversity of freshwater shrimps in Banco National Park, Côte d’Ivoire (Banco River Basin)

Shrimps are an important component of river invertebrate assemblages in tropical freshwater where they are a controlling group in food webs. In order to determine shrimp diversity in the Banco Basin (Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa) and examine whether the patterns of species distribution were related to environmental conditions, six sites were monitored. Sampling was conducted in 2008 during February, May, September and November using a long-handled net (25-cm diameter, 2-mm mesh). For each site, we measured environmental variables (conductivity, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, current speed, and water depth and width). Three shrimp species, Macrobrachium thysi (Powell 1980), Macrobrachium dux (Lenz 1910) and Desmocaris trispinosa (Aurivillius 1898) were identified. D. trispinosa was the largest distributed (more than 50% of occurrence) and the most abundant (67% of total number of specimens caught). It was followed by M. thysi with 47% and 32% of occurrence and abundance, respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed a spatial distribution of the shrimp community, significantly influenced by width, depth, conductivity, type of substrate, turbidity and dissolved oxygen. Due to the fact that the Banco River hosts an endemic species in Côte d’Ivoire (Macrobrachium thysi), the conservation of integrity of this basin was recommended

Impact of oral and intramuscular administration amoxicillin on the selection of amoxicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the digestive flora of piglets

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of selection of amoxicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the digestive microbiota of piglets during oral and intramuscular administration of amoxicillin.Methodology and Results: Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae was carried out on MacConkey agar with and without amoxicillin. E. coli isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test. The percentages of amoxicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae before treatment were between 10-13% for the three groups of piglets. After starting treatment of amoxicillin, from day 1 to day 4, the percentages of resistant Enterobacteriaceae were between 54 to 81% for the intramuscular treated groups and 58 to 87% for those treated orally. In the control group, percentage was 11%. During days of treatments, the percentage of amoxicillin-resistant E. coli strains to the associated antibiotics evolved during the treatments. In the control piglets, the percentages of E. coli resistant antibiotics did not increase.Conclusion and application of findings: Administration of oral amoxicillin resulted in a greater selection of resistant enterobacteria in the digestive microbiota of piglets than those induced by the intramuscular route. Escherichia coli, an important strain in animal and human pathology, was the target of detection in this selection of these resistant enterobacteria. They constitute a public health risk due to the transfer of resistance genes from pathogenic bacteria of porcine origin to the human digestive flora via the food chain. The results obtained from this study are part of a bacterial resistance monitoring policy that will prevent pig farmers from Côte d’Ivoire, the majority user of these antibiotics.Keywords: Piglets, Enterobacteriaceae, Amoxicillin, Resistance, Digestive microbiot