1,454 research outputs found
Convergence of Discrete-time Approximations of Constrained Linear-Quadratic Optimal Control Problems
Studies on Hypoxia: XII. Detrimental Effects of Synthetic Polyribonucleotides on Epiphyseal Plates of Rats Exposed to Hypoxia
The effect of different doses of polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids (poly A:U) was studied in control rats and in rats exposed to hypoxia. In the control rats, administration of different doses of poly A:U did not change the thickness of the epiphyseal plate or increase the incorporation of 3H-phenylalanine as judged using radioautography. Rats exposed to hypoxia showed a significant dose-related reduction in the thickness of the epiphyseal plate and 3H-phenylalanine incorporation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67926/2/10.1177_00220345760550041701.pd
10-Gb/s transmission over 20-km single fiber link using 1-GHz RSOA by discrete multitone with multiple access
We demonstrate a novel 10.5-Gbit/s transmission scheme over 20-km single fiber link by using a remotely fed 1-GHz reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA). Discrete multitone (DMT) modulation with adaptive bit-/power-loading is applied to overcome the bandwidth limitation of the RSOA. Transmission performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of various system parameters, such as the nonlinearity of the RSOA, optical signal-to-noise ratio of the optical seed carrier, the overhead size impact on dispersion, the number of DMT subcarriers, and the reflection noise from the single fiber link. We also report flexible-bandwidth-allocated multiple access operation based on the proposed scheme. The throughput for all cases is approximately 10 Gbit/s with BER <10-3
αE-catenin-dependent mechanotransduction is essential for proper convergent extension in zebrafish
Cadherin complexes mediate cell-cell adhesion and are crucial for embryonic development. Besides their structural function, cadherin complexes also transduce tension across the junction-actomyosin axis into proportional biochemical responses. Central to this mechanotransduction is the stretching of the cadherin-F-actin-linker α-catenin, which opens its central domain for binding to effectors such as vinculin. Mechanical unfolding of α -catenin leads to force-dependent reinforcement of cadherin-based junctions as studied in cell culture. The importance of cadherin mechanotransduction for embryonic development has not been studied yet. Here we used TALEN-mediated gene disruption to perturb endogenous αE-catenin in zebrafish development. Zygotic α-catenin mutants fail to maintain their epithelial barrier, resulting in tissue rupturing. We then specifically disrupted mechanotransduction, while maintaining cadherin adhesion, by expressing an αE-catenin construct in which the mechanosensitive domain was perturbed. Expression of either wild-type or mechano-defective α-catenin fully rescues barrier function in α-catenin mutants. Expression of mechano-defective α-catenin, however, also induces convergence and extension defects. Specifically, the polarization of cadherin-dependent, lamellipodia-driven cell migration of the lateral mesoderm was lost. These results indicate that cadherin mechanotransduction is crucial for proper zebrafish morphogenesis and uncover one of the essential processes affected by its perturbation
Remarks on Hawking radiation as tunneling from the BTZ black holes
Hawking radiation viewed as a semiclassical tunneling process from the event
horizon of the (2 + 1)-dimensional rotating BTZ black hole is carefully
reexamined by taking into account not only the energy conservation but also the
conservation of angular momentum when the effect of the emitted particle's
self-gravitation is incorporated. In contrast to previous analysis of this
issue in the literature, our result obtained here fits well to the
Kraus-Parikh-Wilczek's universal conclusion without any modification to the
Bekenstein-Hawking area-entropy formulae of the BTZ black hole.Comment: 12pages, no figure, use JHEP3.cls. Version better than published one
in JHE
The Magnetic Field of the Solar Corona from Pulsar Observations
We present a novel experiment with the capacity to independently measure both
the electron density and the magnetic field of the solar corona. We achieve
this through measurement of the excess Faraday rotation due to propagation of
the polarised emission from a number of pulsars through the magnetic field of
the solar corona. This method yields independent measures of the integrated
electron density, via dispersion of the pulsed signal and the magnetic field,
via the amount of Faraday rotation. In principle this allows the determination
of the integrated magnetic field through the solar corona along many lines of
sight without any assumptions regarding the electron density distribution. We
present a detection of an increase in the rotation measure of the pulsar
J18012304 of approximately 160 \rad at an elongation of 0.95 from
the centre of the solar disk. This corresponds to a lower limit of the magnetic
field strength along this line of sight of . The lack of
precision in the integrated electron density measurement restricts this result
to a limit, but application of coronal plasma models can further constrain this
to approximately 20mG, along a path passing 2.5 solar radii from the solar
limb. Which is consistent with predictions obtained using extensions to the
Source Surface models published by Wilcox Solar ObservatoryComment: 16 pages, 4 figures (1 colour): Submitted to Solar Physic
Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis in ovarian cancer
<p>Background: The mechanisms of paraneoplastic thrombocytosis in ovarian cancer and the role that
platelets play in abetting cancer growth are unclear.</p>
<p>Methods: We analyzed clinical data on 619 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer to test associations between platelet counts and disease outcome. Human samples and mouse
models of epithelial ovarian cancer were used to explore the underlying mechanisms
of paraneoplastic thrombocytosis. The effects of platelets on tumor growth and angiogenesis were ascertained.</p>
<p>Results: Thrombocytosis was significantly associated with advanced disease and shortened
survival. Plasma levels of thrombopoietin and interleukin-6 were significantly elevated
in patients who had thrombocytosis as compared with those who did not. In mouse
models, increased hepatic thrombopoietin synthesis in response to tumor-derived
interleukin-6 was an underlying mechanism of paraneoplastic thrombocytosis. Tumorderived interleukin-6 and hepatic thrombopoietin were also linked to thrombocytosis
in patients. Silencing thrombopoietin and interleukin-6 abrogated thrombocytosis in
tumor-bearing mice. Antiâinterleukin-6 antibody treatment significantly reduced platelet counts in tumor-bearing mice and in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. In
addition, neutralizing interleukin-6 significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of
paclitaxel in mouse models of epithelial ovarian cancer. The use of an antiplatelet
antibody to halve platelet counts in tumor-bearing mice significantly reduced tumor
growth and angiogenesis.</p>
<p>Conclusions: These findings support the existence of a paracrine circuit wherein increased production of thrombopoietic cytokines in tumor and host tissue leads to paraneoplastic
thrombocytosis, which fuels tumor growth. We speculate that countering paraneoplastic thrombocytosis either directly or indirectly by targeting these cytokines may have
therapeutic potential. </p>
Interplay of Electron-Phonon Interaction and Electron Correlation in High Temperature Superconductivity
We study the electron-phonon interaction in the strongly correlated
superconducting cuprates. Two types of the electron-phonon interactions are
introduced in the model; the diagonal and off-diagonal interactions which
modify the formation energy of the Zhang-Rice singlet and its transfer
integral, respectively. The characteristic phonon-momentum and
electron-momentum dependence resulted from the off-diagonal coupling
can explain a variety of experiments. The vertex correction for the
electron-phonon interaction is formulated in the SU(2) slave-boson theory by
taking into account the collective modes in the superconducting ground states.
It is shown that the vertex correction enhances the attractive potential for
the d-wave paring mediated by phonon with around
which corresponds to the half-breathing mode of the oxygen
motion.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure
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