Investigation of the Bed and Structural Slopes on Bed Shear Stress and Flow Characteristics around an Impermeable Groyne

In this paper, effects of the cross shore and groyne wall slopes on flow parameters around an impermeable groyne were considered using a three-dimensional numerical CFD model (i.e., FLUENT). The k-ε turbulence model was used to evaluate the Reynolds stresses. The model was first applied to a vertical groyne on a flat bed and the model results were compared with the relevant experimental data. The results of this numerical test showed good agreements with the corresponding experimental measurements, in terms of water elevation, velocity magnitudes and reattachment length. The model was then applied to a series of structures with different lateral wall slopes on various cross sectional bed slopes. The numerical model results revealed that by increasing the cross shore bed slope in any case of the structural slopes, the magnitude of the maximum velocity and bed shear stresses decreased. These values decreased further as the structural slope reduced

Short communication: Ecological classification of southern zones of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Province), based on CMECS model

A coastal area is a confluence of land and marine ecosystems and includes the independent biological, ecological, and geological area. Increasing pressure on these areas can decrease the quality of marine habitats, and can even lead to the loss of sensitive habitats. In this regard, a “biotope” has been suggested as the most informative operational unit for research and management. These biotopes, however, have been specified by the dominant species; they depend on the seabed, they are stable, and sometimes are used synonymously with the word ecology. Habitat classifications are, therefore, most accurate and ecologically relevant at the biotope level because of the direct relationship between the biota and their environment. The Coastal Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) was developed with the input of over 40 coastal and 20 marine habitat experts and presents a universally accepted standard classification for coastal and marine habitats. ... We classified the eastern coast of Mazandaran Province (Babolsar to Amirabad Port) and then encoded this zone based on the CMECS model

Investigation of JC polyomavirus (JCV) genome in colorectal cancer patients from Iran

Background: JC polyomavirus (JCV) is an epitheliotropic and neurotropic virus that identified in relationship with some devastating complications such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and linked to colorectal cancer. The aim of current study was to identify the prevalence of JCV in colorectal cancer for the first time in Iran. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted by the hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from 2011 to 2016. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks were used for DNA extraction by QIAamp® DNA FFPE Tissue Kit. The SYBER Green Real-time PCR assay performed by specific primers for JCV T-Large Ag. Melting curve analysis used for evaluation of amplification specificity. Positive control cloned in pTZ57R/T plasmid by Generay Biotechnology system. Results: Of 157 specimens 66 were colorectal cancer by the mean age (y) ± std. deviation 59.35±14.48 and 91 healthy control by the mean age (y) ± std. deviation 57.21±14.66. All 157 specimens tested for JCV T-Large Ag gene by Real-time PCR method and we found that there was not any positive result although the melting analysis showed specificity of positive control amplification. Conclusion: Low prevalence of JCV infection in Iranian CRC population confirmed by the current study results; there was not any JCV positive result in CRC and healthy control groups. Further studies by broader and different populations are recommended

Patient radiation dose and lifetime attributable risk of cancer due to ionizing radiation in cardiovascular interventional radiological procedures

The aim of this study is to calculate the patient radiation dose and Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) in Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological (CVIR) procedures. The patient population included 327 patients who underwent Coronary Angiography (CA) and Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI). Exposure data were reported for every examination such as Kerma-Area Product (KAP), fluoroscopy time and number of exposures. Organ dose and effective dose were assessed by PCXMC software. LAR values were determined according to BEIR VII report. The mean effective dose per examination in CA is 12.6 mSv for males and 10.25 mSv for females. In PCI, the mean effective dose is 18.06 mSv for males and 22.73 mSv for females. Organs with highest dose are thymus, heart, breast, and lung. The mean of LAR value in CA is 62 and 60 for males and females, respectively. In PCI, the mean of LAR value is 89 and 132 for males and females, respectively. Also, the KAP to effective dose conversion factors (CFKAP-ED) were calculated. CFKAP-ED for CA is 0.249 in males and 0.228 in females, and for PCI is 0.2446 and 0.2316 for males and females, respectively. This study will help better understand the concept of ionizing radiation dose in the CVIR procedures and how the individual patient’s effective dose and LAR can evaluate the cancer risk

Analysis of Permanent Magnet Demagnetization Effect Outer-rotor Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor

This paper addresses the irreversible permanent magnet (PM) demagnetization analysis of hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) with outer-rotor configuration. PM demagnetization cause the PM strength used in the motor significantly reduces and hence contributes less torque performance. The study is focused on thermal analysis and conducted at various temperature up to as high as 180 degrees Celsius which has a tendency to be demagnetized. Therefore, PM demagnetization is among a critical issue and influences the choice of the applied motor. The analysis is carried out based on finite element method (FEM) and percentage of PM demagnetization is then calculated. Finally, based on simulated and calculated results the final design outer-rotor HEFSM has only 0.85 percent PM demagnetization at very high temperature and obviously the is no PM demagnetization at normal operating conditions

Sumatriptan protects against myocardial ischaemia�reperfusion injury by inhibition of inflammation in rat model

Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death on a global scale, placing major socio-economic burdens on health systems worldwide. Myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced tissue injury is associated with alteration in activity of inflammatory system and nitric oxide pathway. Sumatriptan, which is mainly used to relieve migraine headache, has recently been shown to exert anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we aimed to assess the possible cardioprotective effect of sumatriptan in a rat model of I/R injury. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 30-min ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery and 120-min reperfusion. Animals were randomly divided into five groups: (1) Sham (2) I/R (3) I/R treated with sumatriptan (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) 20 min after induction of I/R rats, (4) GR127935 (a selective antagonist of 5-HT1B/D serotonin receptors; 0.3 mg/kg) 20 min after induction of I/R, and (5) GR127935 (0.3 mg/kg) 15 min before administration of sumatriptan. Post-infarct treatment with sumatriptan increased left ventricular function, which was damaged in I/R animal�s heart. Sumatriptan (0.3 mg/kg) decreased lipid peroxidation, CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase levels; tumor necrosis factor concentration; and Nf-ҡB� protein production. Treatment with sumatriptan significantly increased the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression consequences nitric oxide metabolites� level in I/R rats. Also, injection of sumatriptan remarkably decreased myocardial tissue injury assessed by histopathological study. These findings suggest that sumatriptan may attenuate I/R injury via modulating the inflammatory responses and endothelial NOS activity. But therapeutic index of sumatriptan is narrow according to the result of this study. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG