The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the international space station: Part II — Results from the first seven years

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a precision particle physics detector on the International Space Station (ISS) conducting a unique, long-duration mission of fundamental physics research in space. The physics objectives include the precise studies of the origin of dark matter, antimatter, and cosmic rays as well as the exploration of new phenomena. Following a 16-year period of construction and testing, and a precursor flight on the Space Shuttle, AMS was installed on the ISS on May 19, 2011. In this report we present results based on 120 billion charged cosmic ray events up to multi-TeV energies. This includes the fluxes of positrons, electrons, antiprotons, protons, and nuclei. These results provide unexpected information, which cannot be explained by the current theoretical models. The accuracy and characteristics of the data, simultaneously from many different types of cosmic rays, provide unique input to the understanding of origins, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays.</p

Personality, internet addiction, and other technological addictions: an update of the research literature

There has been a significant shift from the view that addictions are disorders involving compulsivedrug usage to a view that non-substance related behaviors may now be considered addictions. Thereis evidence to suggest that people are showing signs of addiction to non-substance-related behaviors.Research into technological addictions, such as internet addiction, smartphone addiction and socialnetworking addiction has exponentially increased over the last decade. Understanding how technologicaladdictions relate to personality and key individual differences is important. This chapter providesrenewed empirical and conceptual insights into technological addictions and how they may be relatedto different personality types and key individual differences. The complex nature of personality andtechnological addictions is discussed together with areas for future research