1,549 research outputs found
Smartwatches: The good, the bad and the Ugly?
Wearable computers are expected to become the next big thing but popular press is divided on whether they will be successful. In this paper we review the existing literature on one type of wearable-smartwatches-and extend their definition, in addition to highlighting the need to understand users' everyday appropriation of these technologies. We present initial findings from an on going interview study with ten early adopters that is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to investigate why and how people use smartwatches in real life. We describe everyday use of smartwatches, highlight the added value seen by users, and identify the limitations to mass adoption as expressed by current users
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Working 9-5? Professional differences in email and boundary management practices
Technology not only brings benefits such as flexible working practices but can also have negative stressful consequences such as increasing email overload and the blurring of work-home boundaries. We report on an exploratory study that extends the current understanding of email usage by investigating how different professions at a university manage work and personal emails using different devices and how this impacts their work-home boundary management. Our findings lead us to identify two user groups: Those with permeable boundaries (primarily academics) and those who have more rigid ones (primarily professional services employees) and that there are differences in when, where and how they manage their work and personal emails. In particular we find that some participants use micro-boundary strategies to manage transitions between work and personal life. Based on these novel findings we propose improvements of email software design to facilitate effective email, work-home boundary management, and micro-boundary practices
ISO Spectroscopy of Young Stellar Objects
Observations of gas-phase and solid-state species toward
young stellar objects (YSOs) with the spectrometers
on board the Infrared Space Observatory
are reviewed. The excitation and abundances of
the atoms and molecules are sensitive to the changing
physical conditions during star-formation. In
the cold outer envelopes around YSOs, interstellar
ices contain a significant fraction of the heavy element
abundances, in particular oxygen. Different ice
phases can be distinguished, and evidence is found for
heating and segregation of the ices in more evolved
objects. The inner warm envelopes around YSOs are
probed through absorption and emission of gas-phase
molecules, including CO, CO_2, CH_4 and H_2O. An
overview of the wealth of observations on gas-phase
H_2O in star-forming regions is presented. Gas/solid
ratios are determined, which provide information on
the importance of gas-grain chemistry and high temperature
gas-phase reactions. The line ratios of molecules
such as H_2, CO and H_2O are powerful probes
to constrain the physical parameters of the gas. Together
with atomic and ionic lines such as [0 I]
63 µm, [S I] 25 µm and (Si II] 35 µm, they can also
be used to distinguish between photon- and shock-heated
gas. Finally, spectroscopic data on circumstellar
disks around young stars are mentioned. The
results are discussed in the context of the physical
and chemical evolution of YSOs
Soft gluons in Higgs plus two jet production
We investigate the effects of an all order QCD resummation of soft gluon
emissions for Higgs boson production in association with two hard jets. We
consider both the gluon-gluon fusion and weak boson fusion processes and show
how to resum a large part of the leading logarithms in the jet veto scale. Our
resummation improves on previous analyses which also aim to include the effects
of multiple soft gluon radiation. In addition we calculate the interference
between weak boson fusion and gluon-gluon fusion and find that it is small.Comment: 15 pages and 5 figure
Trends in unintentional polysubstance overdose deaths and individual and community correlates of polysubstance overdose, North Carolina, 2009-2018
Background: Polysubstance involvement is increasing among fatal drug overdoses. However, little is known about the epidemiology of polysubstance drug overdoses. This paper describes emerging trends in unintentional polysubstance overdose deaths in North Carolina (NC) and examines associations with individual and community factors. Methods: Using 2009–2018 NC death certificate data, we identified unintentional drug overdose deaths and commonly involved substances (opioids, stimulants, benzodiazepines, alcohol, and antiepileptics). We examined polysubstance combinations, comparing opioid and non-opioid involved deaths. We examined individual level correlates from death certificate data and community level correlates from the American Community Survey and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation County Health Rankings to quantify associations. Results: From 2009–2018, 53 % of opioid and 19 % of non-opioid overdose deaths involved multiple substances. During this period, polysubstance overdose death increased dramatically, from 2.9 to 12.1 per 100,000 persons, with the greatest increases among drug combinations involving stimulants. The most common polysubstance combinations were: opioids and stimulants (12.1 % of overdose deaths); opioids and benzodiazepines (9.0 %); opioids and alcohol (5.1 %); opioids, stimulants, and benzodiazepines (3.1 %); and opioids, benzodiazepines, and antiepileptics (2.2 %). Compared to overdoses involving opioids alone, overdoses involving combinations of opioids, stimulants, and benzodiazepines involved younger individuals (53.7 % in 15−34 years of age vs. 40.7 %). Men comprised two-thirds of overdoses involving opioids alone, however, overdoses involving opioids, benzodiazepines, and antiepileptics were predominantly among women (60.6 %). Conclusions: Polysubstance involvement has increased among overdose deaths in NC. These findings can be used to inform public health interventions addressing polysubstance deaths and associated individual and community level factors
Annual Research Review: interparental conflict and youth psychopathology: an evidence review and practice focused update
The quality of the interparental relationship is recognized as an important influence on child and adolescent psychopathology. Historically, clinically-oriented research on this topic has focused on the impacts of parental divorce and domestic violence as primary interparental relationship influences on child outcomes, to the relative neglect of dimensional or qualitative features of the couple/interparental relationship for youth (child and adolescent) psychopathology. Recent research has highlighted that children are affected by attributes of interparental conflict, specifically how parents express and manage conflicts in their relationship, across a continuum of expressed severity and negativity – ranging from silence to violence. Further, new evidence highlights that children’s emotional, behavioral, social, academic outcomes and future interpersonal relationships are adversely affected by conflict between parents/carers whether adults are living together or not (i.e. married or separated), or where children are or are not genetically related to their rearing parents (e.g. adoption). We review evidence and present an integrated theoretical model, highlighting how children are affected by interparental conflict and what this evidence base means for effective intervention and prevention program development, as well as the development of possible cost-benefit models. Additionally, we review policy implications of this research and highlight some very recent examples of UK-based policy focusing on addressing the interparental relationship and its impact on youth psychopathology
Spin dynamics simulations of the magnetic dynamics of RbMnF and direct comparison with experiment
Spin-dynamics techniques have been used to perform large-scale simulations of
the dynamic behavior of the classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet in simple
cubic lattices with linear sizes . This system is widely recognized
as an appropriate model for the magnetic properties of RbMnF.
Time-evolutions of spin configurations were determined numerically from coupled
equations of motion for individual spins using a new algorithm implemented by
Krech {\it etal}, which is based on fourth-order Suzuki-Trotter decompositions
of exponential operators. The dynamic structure factor was calculated from the
space- and time-displaced spin-spin correlation function. The crossover from
hydrodynamic to critical behavior of the dispersion curve and spin-wave
half-width was studied as the temperature was increased towards the critical
temperature. The dynamic critical exponent was estimated to be , which is slightly lower than the dynamic scaling prediction, but in
good agreement with a recent experimental value. Direct, quantitative
comparisons of both the dispersion curve and the lineshapes obtained from our
simulations with very recent experimental results for RbMnF are presented.Comment: 30 pages, RevTex, 9 figures, to appear in PR
Quadrupolar effect and rattling motion in heavy fermion superconductor PrOs_4Sb_{12}
The elastic properties of a filled skutterudite PrOs_4Sb_{12} with a heavy
Fermion superconductivity at T_C=1.85 K have been investigated. The elastic
softening of (C_{11}-C_{12})/2 and C_{44} with lowering temperature down to T_C
indicates that the quadrupolar fluctuation due to the CEF state plays a role
for the Cooper paring in superconducting phase of PrOs_4Sb_{12}. A Debye-type
dispersion in the elastic constants around 30 K revealed a thermally activated
Gamma_{23} rattling due to the off-center Pr-atom motion obeying
tau=tau_{0}exp(E/k_{B}T) with an attempt time tau_0=8.8*10^{-11} sec and an
activation energy E=168 K. It is remarkable that the charge fluctuation of the
off-center motion with Gamma_{23} symmetry may mix with the quadrupolar
fluctuation and enhance the elastic softening of (C_{11}-C_{12})/2 just above
T_C.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published to Phys. Rev.
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