Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy Study of tert-Butylarsine Stability and Purification

TBA (tert-butylarsine, H{sub 2}AsC(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}) has been demonstrated to be an effective arsenic precursor for the deposition of compound semiconductors such as GaAs by MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition). TBA is used as a liquid (bubbler) source in MOCVD and is a less toxic alternative to the more commonly used gaseous arsine (AsH{sub 3}). Materials and device performance using TBA have in many cases equaled or surpassed those using arsine. This includes the first observation of fractional quantum Hall behavior in a two dimensional electron gas structure grown by MOCVD. Despite the beneficial characteristics, the use of TBA in our laboratories has revealed some inconsistent behavior. Small pressure rises have been observed in the TBA bubbler sources when left unused over a period of many days. Measurements of the TBA partial pressure using UV absorption revealed that new absorption peaks could be observed after storage. The features of the absorption profile were insufficient to ascribe to a specific chemical species. Attempts to remove the gaseous impurities with liquid nitrogen freeze-pump-thaw techniques had limited success. Unfortunately, there is no published information on the room temperature decomposition of TBA. In this paper, we present a series of GCMS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) analyses designed to determine the stability of TBA and identify its decomposition products in storage containers. The GCMS is also used to evaluate several methods for in-situ purification of TBA

OMVPE growth and gas-phase reactions of AlGaN for UV emitters

Gas-phase parasitic reactions among TMG, TMA, and NH3, are investigated by monitoring of the growth rate/incorporation efficiency of GaN and AlN using an in-situ optical reflectometer. It is suggested that gas phase adduct (TMA: NH{sub 3}) reactions not only reduce the incorporation efficiency of TMA but also affect the incorporation behavior of TMGa. The observed phenomena can be explained by either a synergistic gas-phase scavenging effect or a surface site-blocking effect. Relatively low reactor pressures (30--50 Torr) are employed to grow an AlGaN/GaN QW p-n diode structure. The UV emission at 354 nm (FWHM {approximately} 6 nm) represents the first report of LED operation from an indium-free GaN QW diode

Axions beyond gen 2

The QCD (Quantum ChromoDynamics) axion emerged as one of the best-motivated dark matter candidates. In 2018, the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX), one of the U.S. Department of Energy’s “Gen 2” flagship dark-matter projects, demonstrated first sensitivity to the highly plausible “DFSZ” dark matter axion couplings over a small frequency range. We anticipate this development marks the first step in constructing yet more powerful experiments that can explore large swaths of the axion parameter space at high sensitivity and result in a discovery. But, realizing this requires advances in both our understanding of the theory and experiment design. Between 25 January and 27 January 2021, the “Axions Beyond Gen 2 Workshop” was held, where selected members of the community discussed our broad understanding of the QCD axion and charted a course for future experiments having sensitivity and mass reach well beyond the current “Gen 2” experiments. These proceedings are summaries of the topics presented and discussed

Adições à flora de briófitas de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Additions to the flora of bryophytes from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Nesse levantamento foram encontrados 133 táxons no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, sendo um pertencente à divisão Anthocerotophyta em um gênero e uma família, 83 pertencentes à divisão Bryophyta, distribuídos em 54 gêneros e 27 famílias, e 49 à divisão Hepatophyta, distribuídos em 27 gêneros e 13 famílias. Destes, 100 (1 antócero, 59 musgos e 40 hepáticas) são novas citações para o Estado.<br>In this taxonomic survey 133 taxa were found in Mato Grosso do Sul State, one belonging to Anthocerotophyta, distributed into one genus and one family, 83 belonging to Bryophyta, distributed into 54 genera and 27 families, and 49 belonging to Hepatophyta, distributed into 27 genera and 13 families. Of these, 100 (one hornworts, 59 mosses and 40 hepatics) are new records for the State

Search for a Dark-Matter-Induced Cosmic Axion Background with ADMX

We report the first result of a direct search for a cosmic axion background (CaB)—a relativistic background of axions that is not dark matter—performed with the axion haloscope, the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX). Conventional haloscope analyses search for a signal with a narrow bandwidth, as predicted for dark matter, whereas the CaB will be broad. We introduce a novel analysis strategy, which searches for a CaB induced daily modulation in the power measured by the haloscope. Using this, we repurpose data collected to search for dark matter to set a limit on the axion photon coupling of a CaB originating from dark matter cascade decay via a mediator in the 800–995 MHz frequency range. We find that the present sensitivity is limited by fluctuations in the cavity readout as the instrument scans across dark matter masses. Nevertheless, we suggest that these challenges can be surmounted using superconducting qubits as single photon counters, and allow ADMX to operate as a telescope searching for axions emerging from the decay of dark matter. The daily modulation analysis technique we introduce can be deployed for various broadband rf signals, such as other forms of a CaB or even high-frequency gravitational waves.We report the first result of a direct search for a Cosmic ${\it axion}$ Background (C$a$B) - a relativistic background of axions that is not dark matter - performed with the axion haloscope, the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX). Conventional haloscope analyses search for a signal with a narrow bandwidth, as predicted for dark matter, whereas the C$a$B will be broad. We introduce a novel analysis strategy, which searches for a C$a$B induced daily modulation in the power measured by the haloscope. Using this, we repurpose data collected to search for dark matter to set a limit on the axion photon coupling of a C$a$B originating from dark matter cascade decay via a mediator in the 800-995 MHz frequency range. We find that the present sensitivity is limited by fluctuations in the cavity readout as the instrument scans across dark matter masses. Nevertheless, we suggest that these challenges can be surmounted using superconducting qubits as single photon counters, and allow ADMX to operate as a telescope searching for axions emerging from the decay of dark matter. The daily modulation analysis technique we introduce can be deployed for various broadband RF signals, such as other forms of a C$a$B or even high-frequency gravitational waves