17 research outputs found
Psychopathology From Childhood Into Adulthood: Follow-Up of An Epidemiological Sample
Understanding the origins, nature, and course of psychopathology across the life
span is of importance for mental health professionals working with children as well
as for those working with adults. Mental health professionals who work with
children are concerned about the long term consequences of disorders in children
and adolescents, whereas mental health professionals working with adults are often
concerned about childhood origins of adult psychopathology. From both child and
adult perspectives it is hoped that the knowledge about the developmental processes
underlying the course of psychopathology will give us clues with respect to the
prevention and intervention of psychopathology. The individual and societal burdens
that are inherent in the less favorable courses of lllany child and adolescent
psychiatric disorders make it crucial to gain more empirical knowledge of the
development of psychopathology from childhood, across adolescence, and into
adulthood, and the processes influencing the development
Pathways of self-reported problem behaviors from adolescence into adulthood
OBJECTIVE: The authors determined the impact of different pathways of
psychopathological development on adult outcome in subjects followed from
ages 11-18 to ages 21-28. METHOD: Problem behaviors of subjects from a
general population sample were assessed through the Youth Self-Report and
the Young Adult Self-Report given at four time points (1987, 1989, 1991,
and 1997). In addition, DSM-IV diagnoses, information pertaining to signs
of maladjustment, and measures of social functioning were obtained at the
last assessment. On the basis of the self-report ratings, four contrasting
developmental pathways of psychopathology were determined: persistent,
decreasing, increasing, and consistently normal. RESULTS: Subjects whose
overall level of psychopathology was persistent over time had a higher
lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV diagnoses and a poorer general outcome in
adulthood than did subjects whose level of psychopathology increased.
Subjects whose level of psychopathology returned to normal after high
levels of problems in adolescence were only slightly different in terms of
outcome from subjects with consistently normal ratings. CONCLUSIONS: 1)
People who showed high levels of problems in early adolescence but whose
level of psychopathology diminished by adulthood seemed to be as healthy
as people who never attained a serious level of psychopathology. 2) An
ongoing devious pathway into adulthood had negative effects on many
domains of functioning. These two findings are both powerful arguments for
early intervention in adolescence
Stable prediction of mood and anxiety disorders based on behavioral and emotional problems in childhood: a 14-year follow-up during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to predict the onset of mood and
anxiety disorders from parent-reported emotional and behavioral problems
in childhood across a 14-year period from childhood into young adulthood.
METHOD: In 1983, parent reports of behavioral and emotional problems were
obtained with the Child Behavior Checklist for children and adolescents
4-16 years of age from the Dutch general population. At follow-up 14 years
later, lifetime mood and anxiety diagnoses were obtained by a standardized
DSM-IV interview for 1,580 subjects. Cox proportional hazards models were
used to predict the incidence of mood and anxiety disorders from childhood
problems and demographic covariates. RESULTS: Mood disorders were
significantly predicted by high scores on the anxious/depressed scale and
on the internalizing composite (withdrawn, somatic complaints, and
anxious/depressed). Anxiety disorders were significantly predicted by the
social problems scale and the externalizing composite (delinquent behavior
and aggressive behavior). Anxiety disorders predominantly started in
childhood and early adolescence, whereas the incidence of mood disorders
increased sharply in adolescence and young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: These
results suggest different developmental pathways for mood and anxiety
disorders. The predictions based on problem behavior remained stable
during the 14-year period across adolescence and young adulthood. The
results therefore underline the importance of early intervention and
prevention of behavioral and emotional problems in childhood
Adolescents' self-reported problems as predictors of psychopathology in adulthood: 10-year follow-up study
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the course of psychopathology from adolescence
into adulthood is needed to answer questions concerning origins and
prognosis of psychopathology across a wide age range. AIMS: To investigate
the 10-year course and predictive value of self-reported problems in
adolescence in relation to psychopathology in adulthood. METHOD: Subjects
from the general population, aged 11-19 years, were assessed with the
Youth Self-Report (YSR) at initial assessment, and with the Young Adult
Self-Report (YASR), the Composite International Diagnostic Interview
(CIDI) and three sections of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) 10
years later. RESULTS: Of the subjects with deviant YSR total problem
scores, 23% (males) and 22% (females) had deviant YASR total problem
scores at follow-up. Subjects with initial deviant YSR total problem,
internalising and externalising scores had higher prevalences of DSM-IV
diagnoses at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent problems tended to persist
into adulthood to a moderate degree. High rates of problems during
adolescence are risk factors for psychiatric disorders in adulthood
The incidence, risk factors, and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in a cohort of cardiac surgery patients: a prospective nested case-control study.
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. Both antibodies and bioactive lipids that have accumulated during storage of blood have been implicated in TRALI pathogenesis. In a single-center, nested, case-control study, patients were prospectively observed for onset of TRALI according to the consensus definition. Of 668 patients, 16 patients (2.4%) developed TRALI. Patient-related risk factors for onset of TRALI were age and time on the cardiopulmonary bypass. Transfusion-related risk factors were total amount of blood products (odds ratio [OR] = 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.44), number of red blood cells stored more than 14 days (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.04-2.37), total amount of plasma (OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.03-1.44), presence of antibodies in donor plasma (OR = 8.8; 95% CI, 1.8-44), and total amount of transfused bioactive lipids (OR = 1.0; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). When adjusted for patient risk factors, only the presence of antibodies in the associated blood products remained a risk factor for TRALI (OR = 14.2; 95% CI, 1.5-132). In-hospital mortality of TRALI was 13% compared with 0% and 3% in transfused and nontransfused patients, respectively (P < .05). In conclusion, the incidence of TRALI is high in cardiac surgery patients and associated with adverse outcome. Our results suggest that cardiac surgery patients may benefit from exclusion of blood products containing HLA/HNA antibodies. (aut.ref.
Inference of missing data in photovoltaic monitoring datasets
This is an Open Access Article. It is published by IET publishing under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Photovoltaic (PV) systems are frequently covered by performance guarantees, which are often based on attaining a certain performance ratio (PR). Climatic and electrical data are collected on site to verify that these guarantees are met or that the systems are working well. However, in-field data acquisition commonly suffers from data loss, sometimes for prolonged periods of time, making this assessment impossible or at the very best introducing
significant uncertainties. This study presents a method to mitigate this issue based on back-filling missing data. Typical
cases of data loss are considered and a method to infer this is presented and validated. Synthetic performance data is
generated based on interpolated environmental data and a trained empirical electrical model. A case study is subsequently used to validate the method. Accuracy of the approach is examined by creating artificial data loss in two
closely monitored PV modules. A missing month of energy readings has been replenished, reproducing PR with an average daily and monthly mean bias error of about −1 and −0.02%, respectively, for a crystalline silicon module. The PR is a key property which is required for the warranty verification, and the proposed method yields reliable results in order to achieve this
Fine Needle Aspiration and Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: The Risk of Inadequate Preoperative Evaluation and Initial Surgery When Relying Upon FNAB Cytology Alone
Item does not contain fulltextObjectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to preoperatively diagnose medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) among multiple international centers and evaluate how the cytological diagnosis alone could impact patient management.Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of sporadic MTC (sMTC) patients from 12 institutions over the last 29 years. FNAB cytology results were compared to final pathologic diagnoses to calculate FNAB sensitivity. To evaluate the impact of cytology sensitivity for MTC according to current practice and to avoid confounding results by local treatment protocols, changes in treatment patterns over time, and the influence of ancillary findings (e.g., serum calcitonin), therapeutic interventions based on FNAB cytology alone were projected into 1 of 4 treatment categories: total thyroidectomy (TT) and central neck dissection (CND), TT without CND, diagnostic hemithyroidectomy, or observation.Results: A total of 313 patients from 4 continents and 7 countries were included, 245 of whom underwent FNAB. FNAB cytology revealed MTC in 43.7% and possible MTC in an additional 2.4%. A total of 113 (46.1%) patients with surgical pathology revealing sMTC had FNAB findings that supported TT with CND, while 37 (15.1%) supported TT alone. In the remaining cases, diagnostic hemithyroidectomy and observation were projected in 32.7% and 6.1%, respectively.Conclusion: FNAB is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, but the low sensitivity of cytological evaluation alone in sMTC limits its ability to command an optimal preoperative evaluation and initial surgery in over half of affected patients