Variations of growth parameters in transplanted Aman rice (cv. BRRI dhan39) in response to plant spacing and fertilizer management

The experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during June to December 2015 to investigate the effect of spacing and fertilizer management on the growth parameters of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan39. The experiment comprised of five spacing’s viz. 25 cm × 5 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 20 cm, 25 cm × 25 cm, and four fertilizer treatments viz. no manure and no fertilizer (control), recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (80-60-40 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1,respectively + 60 kg ha-1 gypsum + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4), 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cow dung at 5 t ha-1,75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1. The highest and lowest plant height was found in spacing 25 cm × 15 cm, and 25 cm × 5 cm, respectively at all dates of observations. Spacing 25 cm × 15 cm, produced the highest number of tillers hill-1 at 80 DAT. Leaf area index (LAI) and total dry matter (TDM) hill-1 were the highest in 25 cm × 15 cm spacing and lowest in 25 cm × 5 cm spacing. The highest plant height, LAI and total TDM hill-1 were recorded in 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cow dung at 5 t ha-1 and the lowest values were observed in control treatment. In case of interaction, the highest number of tillers hill-1, leaf area index and total dry matter hill-1 were obtained in spacing 25 cm × 15 cm fertilized with 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cow dung at 5 t ha-1.Therefore, 25 cm × 15 cm spacing combined with 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cow dung at 5 t ha-1 appeared as the promising practice in transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan39 cultivation in terms of growth parameters

Impact of row arrangements, age of tiller seedlings and number of tiller seedlings hill-1 on the growth performance of transplanted Aman rice (cv. BR23)

The experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to see the effect of row arrangements, age of tiller seedlings and number of tiller seedlings hill-1 on growth of transplant Aman rice (cv. BR23). The experiment comprised three row arrangements viz. single, double and triple row; two ages of tiller seedling viz. 25 and 35 days and three levels of number of tiller seedlings hill-1 viz., 2, 4 and 6 tiller seedlings hill-1. The effect of row arrangement, age of tiller seedlings and number of tiller seedlings hill-1 were significant on plant height, number of leaves hill-1, number of total tillers hill-1, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight and total dry weight. The tallest plants at 70 DAT, the highest number of leaves and leaf dry weight were found at 25, 40, 55 and 70 DAT in single row arrangement which was as good as double row arrangement while shorter plant and the lowest number of leaves hill-1 were found in triple row arrangement. The highest stem and total dry matter production hill-1 were recorded in triple row arrangement and the lowest were found in single row arrangement. Wider spacing significantly increased plant height, total tiller production hill-1, leaf production hill-1and leaf dry matter production while closer spacing of triple rows enhance stem and total dry matter production hill-1. Transplanted Aman rice (BR23) can be grown in single rows for the highest plant height, more tiller production, leaf production and leaf dry matter production hill-1. In case of total dry matter production cv. BR23 can be grown in triple rows by transplanting 35-day old seedlings with 6 tiller seedlings hill-1

Physiological parameters and yield differ in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with variable water management systems

Yield reduction of rice is a severe problem due to the advent of increasing water scarcity and efficiency is relatively low. Physiological attributes and yield performance of high yielding (HYV) rice cultivars need to be assessed by minimizing water loss. Therefore, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in Bangladesh to investigate the impact of cultivars and water management on growth dynamics, biomass production, and yield and water productivity. Ten HYV boro (dry season irrigated) rice cultivars along with fivewater management systems were included in the study. The study revealed that cultivars Binadhan-10 had higher value of leaf area index (LAI), root dry weight along with moderate panicle length. Accordingly, the cultivar Binadhan-10 had a higher yield than all other cultivars because of the highest total dry matter (TDM), number of effective tillers hill-1, and number of grains panicle-1. Growth, TDM, and yield were increased with water application up to 8 DAD after which these factors declined with increasing water stress at 10 DAD. The crop grown at CS condition did not increase the yield, rather caused the wastage of irrigation water. The water productivity was the highest (0.252 t ha-1cm-1) in 10 DAD treatments, obviously due to minimum water use but highest yield was observed in 8 DAD because of optimum use of water and non stress condition. Therefore, the present study was useful in the screening of the most efficient cultivars, which could be strongly recommended to rice growers to improve crop yield and reduce the use of water

Forced convection heat transfer performance of porous twisted tape insert

Heat transfer performance of porous twisted tape insert in a circular tube was experimentally investigated. Tube wall temperatures and pressure drops along the axial distance of the test section at steady state condition were measured for different flows having Reynolds number ranging from 1.4 x 104 to 5.2 x 104 for both the plain and the tube with porous twisted tape insert. Heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, and pumping power were calculated from the measured data. Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the porous twisted tape inserted tube were explained from the measured and calculated values. Performance of the porous twisted tape inserted tube was also evaluated. The results showed for porous twisted tape inserted tube, the average heat transfer coefficient was 2.60 times higher, the heat flux was 1.55 times higher, the friction factor was 2.25 times higher and the pumping power was 2.0 times higher than those of plain tube values for similar flow conditions

Seed yield of mungbean as affected by variety and plant spacing in Kharif-I season

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of variety and planting density on the yield of mungbean in Kharif-I season (February to June) of 2003. The experiment comprised five varieties viz. BARIMung-2, BARIMung-3, BARIMung-4, BARIMung-5 and BINAMung-2 and three spacing of planting viz. 30 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm and 40 cm × 30 cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. It was observed that BARIMung-2 produced the highest seed yield and BINAMung-2 did the lowest. Plant spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm produced the highest seed yield of mungbean while 40 cm × 30 cm spacing produced the lowest seed yield. BARIMung-2 planted at a spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm gave the maximum seed yield

Performance of transplant Aman rice as influences by tiller seedlings and nitrogen management

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December 2012 to observe the effect of variety, age of tiller seedling used for transplanting and nitrogen management on the yield performance of transplant Aman rice. The experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BRRI dhan49 and BRRI dhan51, two ages tiller seedling viz. 25- and 35-day old, five nitrogen management viz. control (no urea), application of prilled urea @ 215 kg ha-1 (1/2 at 15 DAT+1/2 at 30 DAT), prilled urea @ 215 kg ha-1 (1/3 at 15DAT+1/3 at 30DAT+1/3 at 45DAT ), urea super granules (USG) 1.8 g and USG 2.7 g four-hill-1 in every alternate row. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that higher plant characters, straw yield and harvest index were obtained from BRRI dhan49 compared to BRRI dhan51. Older seedlings (35-day old) produced higher grain yield to younger seedlings. The highest yield contributing characters and grain yield were obtained when 1.8g USG was applied. The grain yield was highest in 35-day old tiller seedlings of BRRI dhan51 while fertilized with 1.8g USG. This value was lowest when 25-day old tiller seedlings of BRRI dhan51 were fertilized with prilled urea in two split applications. It may be concluded that 35-day tiller seedlings of BRRI dhan51 fertilized with USG 1.8 g four-hill-1 could be used for achieving higher yield of transplant Aman rice

Effect of urea super granules, prilled urea and poultry manure on the yield of transplant Aman rice varieties

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in transplant Aman season 2008 to find out the effect of urea super granules (USG), prilled urea (PU) and poultry manure (PM) on the yield and yield attributes of transplant Aman rice varieties. Two transplant Aman rice varieties viz. BRRI dhan41 and BRRI dhan46 and ten levels of integrated nutrient management encompassing USG, PU and PM were tested following randomized complete block design with three replications. It was observed that variety BRRI dhan41 gave higher grain yield than BRRI dhan46. For fertilizer effect, the highest grain yield (5.17 t ha-1) was obtained from full dose of USG (1.8g) and other inorganic fertilizers, which was similar to that obtained from full dose of USG (1.8g) + PM at 2.5 t ha-1 followed by full dose of PU + PM at 2.5 t ha-1. The lowest grain yield was obtained in the control treatment. In case of interactions, the highest grain yield was obtained in BRRI dhan41×1.8g USG and other inorganic fertilizers which was similar to that of the same dose of USG with PM at 2.5 t ha-1 and the lowest yield was obtained in the control treatment. It was assessed that a considerable portion (31.25%) of PU nitrogen could be saved by using USG (1.8g) together with other inorganic fertilizers or with PM at 2.5 t ha-1

Varietal performance of modern transplant Aman rice subjected to level of nitrogen application

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June to December 2012 with a view to finding out the effect of variety and nitrogen fertilizer application on the growth and yield of transplant Aman rice. The experiment comprised four varieties viz. BRRI dhan33, BRRI dhan34, BRRI dhan39 and BRRI dhan46, and four levels of nitrogen viz. control (no urea), prilled urea (50 kg N ha-1 ), one pellet (0.9g) of USG/4 hills of two adjacent rows ( 30 kg N ha-1 ) was applied at 10 DAT and two pellets of USG (0.9g each) one applied at 10 DAT and the other at 45 DAT/4 hills of two adjacent rows ( 60 kg N ha-1 ). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results of the experiment showed that variety and level of nitrogen application had significant effect on yield attributes and yield of transplant Aman rice. At maturity the tallest plant (122.60 cm) and the highest number total tillers hill-1 (12.72) were observed in two pellets of USG/4 hills providing 60 kg N ha-1 . The highest number of tillers hill-1 (10.08) was obtained from BRRI dhan34 and the lowest one (9.88) from BRRI dhan33. The highest grain yield was obtained from BRRI dhan46 (4.56 t ha-1 ) and the lowest one (3.27 t ha-1 ) was obtained from BRRI dhan34. The interaction reveals that the highest grain yield (5.61 t ha-1 ) was obtained from the treatment combination of BRRI dhan46 with two pellets of USG (0.9g each) applied one at 10 DAT and the other at 45 DAT

Effect of spacing and number of seedlings per hill on the performance of aus rice cv. NERICA 1 under dry direct seeded rice (DDSR) system of cultivation

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from April to August 2011 to find out the effect of spacing and number of seedlings hill-1 on the performance of Aus rice cv. NERICA 1. Four spacing viz. 25 cm × l5 cm, 20 cm × l5 cm. 20 cm × 10 cm and 15 cm × 10 cm and four number of seedlings hill-1 viz. 2, 3, 4 and 5 were included in the experiment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest number of total tillers m-2, number of effective tillers m-2, number of grains panicle-1, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index were obtained from 20 cm × 10 cm spacing. Plant height and 1000- grain weight were not significantly affected by spacing. Number of seedlings hill-1 exerts a significant effect on plant height. The highest value of total tillers m-2, number of effective tillers m-2, total grains panicle-1, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index were obtained from five seedlings hill-1. The interaction between spacing and number of seedlings hill-1 significantly influenced yield and plant characters. The highest number of effective tillers m-2, grains panicle-1, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield were recorded from the interaction between 20 cm × 10 cm and five seedlings hill-1

Effect of sowing date and seed rate on yield performance of two mustard varieties

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2007 to March 2008 to study the effect of sowing date and seed rate on the yield and yield components of two mustard varieties. The treatments included two varieties viz. BARI Sarisha-9 and BARI Sarisha-6; three sowing date viz. 10, 20 and 30 November, and three seed rates viz. 8, 10 and 12 kg seeds ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. It was observed that the variety had significant influence on the yield and yield contributing characters except non-effective pods plant-1, non-effective seeds pod-1 and 1000-seed weight. Higher seed yield was obtained by the variety BARI Sarisha-9. The highest seed yield (1.53 t ha-1) was recorded in 10 November sowing and the lowest one was achieved in 30 November sowing. Seed rate had also significant effect on plant height, branches plant-1, pods plant-1, effective pods plant-1, pod length, no. of seeds pod-1 and seed yield. The seed rate 8 kg ha-1 produced the highest seed yield (1.49 t ha-1) and the lowest seed yield was produced by 12 kg seeds ha-1. Among the yield contributing characters only harvest index and non-effective pods plant-1 were significantly influenced by the interaction of variety and date of seeding as well as the interaction of variety and seed rate. The highest seed yield (1.63 t ha-1) was produced when BARI Sarisha-9 was sown on 10 November. In case of interaction between variety and seed rate, BARI Sarisha-9 with 10 kg seeds ha-1 produced the maximum seed yield. Results further showed that the interaction of 10 November sowing with 8 kg seeds ha-1 produced the highest seed yield (1.55 t ha-1)