Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map

We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies.publishedVersio

Track E Implementation Science, Health Systems and Economics

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138412/1/jia218443.pd

Survey on worldwide trauma team activation requirement

PURPOSE : trauma team activation (TTA) is thought to be essential for advanced and specialized care of very severely injured patients. However, non-specific TTA criteria may result in overtriage that consumes valuable resources or endanger patients in need of TTA secondary to undertriage. Consequently, criterion standard definitions to calculate the accuracy of the various TTA protocols are required for research and quality assurance purposes. Recently, several groups suggested a list of conditions when a trauma team is considered to be essential in the initial care in the emergency room. The objective of the survey was to post hoc identify trauma-related conditions that are thought to require a specialized trauma team that may be widely accepted, independent from the country’s income level. METHODS : A set of questions was developed, centered around the level of agreement with the proposed post hoc criteria to define adequate trauma team activation. The participants gave feedback before they answered the survey to improve the quality of the questions. The finalized survey was conducted using an online tool and a word form. The income per capita of a country was rated according to the World Bank Country and Lending groups. RESULTS : The return rate was 76% with a total of 37 countries participating. The agreement with the proposed criteria to define post hoc correct requirements for trauma team activation was more than 75% for 12 of the 20 criteria. The rate of disagreement was low and varied between zero and 13%. The level of agreement was independent from the country’s level of income. CONCLUSIONS : The agreement on criteria to post hoc define correct requirements for trauma team activation appears high and it may be concluded that the proposed criteria could be useful for most countries, independent from their level of income. Nevertheless, more discussions on an international level appear to be warranted to achieve a full consensus to define a universal set of criteria that will allow for quality assessment of over- and undertriage of trauma team activation as well as for the validation of field triage criteria for the most severely injured patients worldwide.http://link.springer.com/journal/68am2022Surger

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies

Not AvailableAstacins are a group of zinc-dependent metalloproteases with diverse roles in biological systems such as embryonic development, connective tissue remodelling, digestion, and processing of biologically active peptides. This paper describes the cloning of an Astacin like metalloproteinase (Mbi-ALMP) from the digestive tissues of Magallana bilineata. The Mbi-ALMP encodes a deduced 440 amino acid protein which includes an N-terminal signal peptide. The Mbi-ALMP possesses several of the characteristic features of the Astacin family like the pro-peptide domain, Astacin catalytic domain with Zinc binding motif, and met-turn, followed by a MAM (meprin, A5 protein, receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ?) carboxy-terminal domain. Amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the protease domain indicate Mbi-ALMP to have a high degree of sequence homology to other Astacin like metalloproteases from different species

International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies

Not AvailableOysters are filter-feeding bivalves thriving in estuaries and inter-tidal zones. As sessile invertebrates, oysters have evolved a well-developed stress tolerance mechanism to tolerate various environmental stressors such as altered hydrological parameters, microbial pathogens, and anthropogenic influences. The focus of this study was to identify the key genes which enable the Indian oyster (Magallana bilineata) to overcome the turbulent conditions in their environment. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique was used to generate the differentially expressed genes in wild Magallana bilineata in comparison to laboratory-maintained ones. The method revealed twenty functionally relevant genes with roles in immunity, stress, cellular processes, cytoskeleton, and lipid metabolism. The diverse set of genes obtained from the SSH library are known to have direct and indirect roles in oyster immunity, suggesting that the wild oysters are more immune stimulated and active than laboratorymaintained ones. The expression of ten potentially upregulated genes was analysed using quantitative real-time PCR

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Not AvailableA case of vibriosis caused by Vibrio harveyi in adult mangrove red snappers reared in floating net cages is reported for the first time from India. The pathogen was confirmed using biochemical characterisation, by nested PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Histopathology revealed chronic nature of the disease. The outbreak of mortality was consequent to elevated water temperature and handling. Importance of stress factors as stimulus to outbreak of mortality is discussed.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableParasites of the genus Perkinsus predominantly infect bivalves, and two species among them, P. olseni and P. marinus, are notifiable to OIE. P. olseni infections are known to cause extensive damage to wild as well as farmed bivalves globally with enormous implications to its fishery. Consequent to the initiation of a surveillance programme for aquatic animal diseases in India, Perkinsus infections were observed in many species of bivalves. The present paper describes P. olseni infections in the short neck yellow clam, Paphia malabarica from the southwest coast of India. Diagnosis of the parasite was carried out using Ray's Fluid Thioglycollate Medium culture, histology, in-situ hybridisation and molecular taxonomy. Pathology of infection and development of zoospores is also described. This forms the first report of a P. olseni infection in P. malabarica. High prevalence and intensity of infection of Perkinsus in clams raises concerns, as clam reserves in this geographical area sustain fisheries and the livelihoods of local fishing communitiesNot Availabl