The initial months of antiretroviral therapy and its influence on AGEs, HMGB1, and sRAGE levels in asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals

The development of the typical comorbidities of aging which currently affects people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can be partially ascribed to the persistent immune activation and chronic inflammation characterizing these individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect exerted by combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) administration on plasma levels of HMGB1 (high mobility group box protein-1), AGEs (advanced glycation end products), their soluble receptor sRAGE, cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), and some metabolic markers in asymptomatic PLWHA. Analyses were performed longitudinally in 30 PLWHA, before and about 6\u201312 months after cART initiation. We observed that lower levels of AGEs in post-cART group were accompanied by an increase of CRP and triglyceride levels already in the early months of therapy. Because of the current ever-earlier recommendations to start cART and its prolonged use, these and other markers should be investigated in order to monitor and postpone the appearance of non-AIDS comorbidities in PLWHA

Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells derived from equine adipose tissue

Stem cell therapy has shown promising results in tendinitis and osteoarthritis in equine medicine. The purpose of this work was to characterize the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) in horses through (1) the assessment of the capacity of progenitor cells to perform adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation; and (2) flow cytometry analysis using the stemness related markers: CD44, CD90, CD105 and MHC Class II. Five mixed-breed horses, aged 2-4 years-old were used to collect adipose tissue from the base of the tail. After isolation and culture of AdMSCs, immunophenotypic characterization was performed through flow cytometry. There was a high expression of CD44, CD90 and CD105, and no expression of MHC Class II markers. The tri-lineage differentiation was confirmed by specific staining: adipogenic (Oil Red O), osteogenic (Alizarin Red), and chondrogenic (Alcian Blue). The equine AdMSCs are a promising type of adult progenitor cell for tissue engineering in veterinary medicine.O uso de células tronco tem demonstrado resultados promissores na terapia da tendinite e osteoartrite na medicina equina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as células tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo (AdCTMs) em cavalos através da (1) avaliação da capacidade das células progenitoras para realizar a diferenciação adipogênica, osteogênica e condrogênica; e (2) através da análise por citometria de fluxo, utilizando os marcadores stemness relacionados: CD44, CD90, CD105 e MHC de Classe II. Cinco cavalos sem raça definida, de 2 a 4 anos de idade foram utilizados para a coleta do tecido adiposo da base da cauda. Após o isolamento e cultivo das AdCTMs, a caracterização imunofenotípica foi realizada pela citometria de fluxo. Houve alta expressão dos marcadores CD44, CD90 e CD105, e não houve expressão do MHC Classe II. A diferenciação foi confirmada pela coloração específica: adipogênica (Oil Red O), osteogênico (Alizarin Red), e condrogênico (Alcian Blue). As AdCTMs são um tipo promissor de células progenitoras adulta para a engenharia tecidual na medicina veterinária.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Erythropoietin Attenuates Apoptosis After Ischemia-Reperfusion–Induced Renal Injury in Transiently Hyperglycemic Wister Rats

AbstractBackgroundHyperglycemia is associated with a decreased tolerance to ischemia and an increased severity of renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. It has been suggested that erythropoietin (EPO) attenuates this effect in normoglycemic animals. This study sought to examine the effects of EPO on treatment renal I/R injury (IRI) in transiently hyperglycemic rats.Material and MethodsTwenty-eight male Wister rats anesthetized with isoflurane received glucose (2.5 g.kg−1 intraperitoneally) before right nephrectomy. They were randomly assigned to four groups: sham operation (S); IRI (ISO); IRI+EPO, (600 UI kg−1 low-dose EPO [EL]); and IRI+EPO 5000 UI kg−1 (high-dose EPO [EH]). IRI was induced by a 25-minute period of left renal ischemia followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. Serum Creatinine and glucose levels were measure at baseline (M1), immediately after the ischemic period (M2), and at 24 hours after reperfusion (M3). After sacrificing the animals, left kidney specimens were submitted for histological analysis including flow cytometry to estimate tubular necrosis and the percentages of apoptotic, dead or intact cells.ResultsScr in the ISO group was significantly higher at M3 than among the other groups. Percentages of early apoptotic cells in ISO group were significantly higher than the other groups. Percentages of late apoptotic cells in S and ISO groups were significantly greater than EL and EH groups. However, no significant intergroup differences were observed regarding the incidence of tubular necrosis.ConclusionsOur results suggested that, although not preventing the occurrence of tubular necrosis, EPO attenuated apoptosis and glomerular functional impairment among transiently hyperglycemic rats undergoing an ischemia/reperfusion insult