Evaluation of biological control agents for managing cucurbit powdery mildew on greenhouse-grown melon

An evaluation was made of the ability of two mycoparasite-based products AQ10® (Ampelomyces quisqualis) and Mycotal® (Lecanicillium lecanii), as well as three strains of Bacillus subtilis, to manage powdery mildew disease, caused by Podosphaera fusca on melon seedlings maintained under different regimes of relative humidity and on plants grown under greenhouse conditions in Spain. In every case fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents (BCAs) performed better under conditions of high relative humidity (90–95% RH). In greenhouse experiments, the effectiveness of the mycoparasites to manage powdery mildew was absolutely dependent on mineral oil. The strains of B. subtilis provided disease control similar to that achieved with the mycoparasites or the fungicide azoxystrobin. Microscopic analysis showed the ability of these bacterial strains to efficiently colonize leaf surfaces and revealed the occurrence of antagonistic interactions between biological agents and P. fusca structures. These results confirmed the usefulness of these BCAs for managing powdery mildew on greenhouse-grown cucurbits either as single products or as a component of integrated control programmes.Estación Experimental ‘La Mayora’ (CSIC), Algarrobo-Costa, 29750 Málaga, Spain Grupo de Microbiología y Patología Vegetal-Unidad Asociada a CSIC, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 MálagaPeer reviewe

Prospect and potential of Burkholderia sp. against Phytophthora capsici Leonian: a causative agent for foot rot disease of black pepper

Foot rot disease is a very destructive disease in black pepper in Malaysia. It is caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian, which is a soilborne pathogenic protist (phylum, Oomycota) that infects aerial and subterranean structures of many host plants. This pathogen is a polycyclic, such that multiple cycles of infection and inoculum production occur in a single growing season. It is more prevalent in the tropics because of the favourable environmental conditions. The utilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a biological control agent has been successfully implemented in controlling many plant pathogens. Many studies on the exploration of beneficial organisms have been carried out such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, which is one of the best examples used for the control of Fusarium wilt in tomato. Similarly, P. fluorescens is found to be an effective biocontrol agent against the foot rot disease in black pepper. Nowadays there is tremendous novel increase in the species of Burkholderia with either mutualistic or antagonistic interactions in the environment. Burkholderia sp. is an indigenous PGPR capable of producing a large number of commercially important hydrolytic enzymes and bioactive substances that promote plant growth and health; are eco-friendly, biodegradable and specific in their actions; and have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in keeping down the population of phytopathogens, thus playing a great role in promoting sustainable agriculture today. Hence, in this book chapter, the potential applications of Burkholderia sp. to control foot rot disease of black pepper in Malaysia, their control mechanisms, plant growth promotion, commercial potentials and the future prospects as indigenous PGPR were discussed in relation to sustainable agriculture

Stanford type B aortic dissections. Current situation in 2016 and retrospection of 1990

The treatment of type B dissection has evolved in the last few decades due to continuous development, including new interventional techniques that have been implemented into clinical treatment. Today, patients with this disease entity present less often to cardiac surgeons due to various factors, particularly due to sufficient treatment options using new interventional techniques with less trauma by vascular surgeons. The aim of this article is to present our assessment from 1990 and compare it with current knowledge and experience in the treatment of type B dissection, and to critically analyze the current situation

Cryptography based on the Matrices

In this work we introduce a new method of cryptography based on the matrices over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$, were $q$ is a power of a prime number $p$. The first time we construct the matrix $M=\left( \begin{array}{cc} A_{1} & A_{2} \\ 0 & A_{3} \\ \end{array} \right)$ were \ $A_{i}$ \ with $i \in \{1, 2, 3 \}$ is the matrix of order $n$ \ in \ $\mathcal{M}(\mathbb{F}_{q})$ - the set of matrices with coefficients in $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ - and $0$ is the zero matrix of order $n$. We prove that $M^{l}=\left( \begin{array}{cc} A_{1}^{l} & (A_{2})_{l} \\ 0 & A_{3}^{l} \\ \end{array} \right)$ were $(A_{2})_{l}=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{l-1} A_{1}^{l-1-k}A_{2}A_{3}^{k}$ for all $l\in \mathbb{N}^{\ast}$. After we will make a cryptographic scheme between the two traditional entities Alice and Bob

Construction of the α 2 −Automorphism

Abstract In this paper, let λ a monomorphism from A to A where A, A ∈ Γ, we consider B a basic subgroup of A : ,we suppose there exists n 0 ∈ IN * such that the restriction of λ to p n 0 A is an isomorphism from p n 0 A to p n 0 A and we pose: λ(A) = A 1 . We show that B 1 ∩A 1 is a direct factor of such that for all a 2 ∈ A 2 : α 2 (a 2 ) = πa 2 + p n 4 0 a 1 where a 1 ∈ A 1

Pump Thrombosis following HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in a Patient with Aspirin and Plavix Resistance

Despite advances in pump technology, thromboembolic events and pump thrombosis are potentially life-threatening complications in patients with continuous flow ventricular assist devices. Here we describe a patient with pump thrombosis following LVAD HeartMate II implantation presenting with Aspirin and Plavix resistance and signs of acute hemolysis as manifested by high LDH, changing pump power, pulse index and reduced pump flows

Ex vivo heart perfusion for increasing organ availability

Background. Heart transplantation still remains the gold standard for patients with end-stage heart failure. Due to the lack of donor organs the use of ex vivo heart perfusion is becoming increasingly more important for reconditioning marginal donor organs. Objective. New developments in the field of ex vivo heart perfusion are presented with an emphasis on the practical application in a donor organ retrieval service. Material andmethods. The utilization of the Organ Care System (OCS, TransMedics, Andover, MA) for evaluation and reconditioning of marginal donor organs is discussed in the light of the substantial shortage of donor organs. Results. Preservation using the OCS can be considered as being equivalent to cold cardioplegia in the clinical application. An OCS heart shows a highly significant reduction in the cold ischemia time so that longer transport times and subsequently greater catchment areas are possible. Extended criteria donors can be conditioned to be suitable donor organs by the professional application of the OCS. Resuscitation of socalled donation after cardiac death (DCD) donor hearts using OCS has been clinically established internationally and the results are very promising. Conclusion. We postulate the standardized application of ex vivo heart perfusion for marginal donor organs to extend the potential donor pool

Total Artificial Heart Implantation Blood Pressure Management as Resolving Treatment for Massive Hemolysis following Total Artificial Heart Implantation

The SynCardia Total Artificial Heart (TAH) has been used for patients with biventricular failure, who cannot be managed with implantation of a left ventricular (LV) assist device. Following TAH implantation, our patient developed severe hemolysis, which could only be managed successfully by aggressive blood pressure control [Ohashi 2003; Nakata 1998]