POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENTS ISSUES IN ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN R. OF MACEDONIA

Due to the presence of rural regions clean from industry and pollution, the usage of own inputs in the crop production, Republic of Macedonia has favorable pre-conditions for development of organic agriculture. Аs a result of that the certified area under organic production increased from 226 ha in 2005 to 3239.88 ha in 2016, while the number of farms from 50 increased to 562, for the same period. But despite satisfactory conditions for the development and increase of the organic production in RM, very experienced vegetable growers with long tradition of cultivating several crops there are still a number of issues that obstruct its development and need careful attention and effort by all stakeholders in the process of organic production in order to overcome them. Among these limitations primarily are included: lack of organic seeds and other inputs, lack of machines forcultivation of the soil, lack of markets for selling the products, inappropriate application of agrotechnical measures (cultivation, crop rotation, plant protection, fertilizing, irrigation, harvest), disconnection of farmers in rural areas, poor infrastructure to the city markets, failure to meet market and consumer requirements regarding quality, quantity and continuous supply of organic plant products, lack of information for the new technology in the organic production, inadequate transportation, lack of storage facilities and very important package, economic crisis, etc. Although some of the plant protection products and fertilizers for organic production are present on the market, the reproductive material (seeds) still remains to be the largest constrain for organic vegetable production. These limitations are probably the reason for low participation of organicvegetable production in the overall organic scheme. In 2016 there are only 93.17 ha (in conversion and organic), that is only 2.87% of the total organic production. As future steps for accelerating the development of organic production in Macedonia must be considered: connecting of the farmers that have a common interest in associations, cooperatives, in order to supply cheaper input materials, group certification, support of trainings, information technology and so on

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF CARROT (DAUCUS CAROTA L.) GROWN WITH APPLICATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS

Sustainable and organic production systems in which the application of synthetic products are partially or completely excluded are becoming increasingly popular and are opening more opportunities for usage of microbiological fertilizers. Therefore this research is aimed at determining the impact of two types of microbial fertilizers on the morphological characteristics and the yield of carrot,to test the possibility for their extensive use.Experiment was set on open field in the area of the village Jurumleri, Skopje, during 2013. As research material was used carrot (Daucus carota L.), hybrid Maestro. The variants were set according to the type of microbiological fertilizer: Ø control - not applied microbiological fertilizer, variant 1 - treatment with microbiological fertilizer Micro - I Vita containing several groups of azotobacter, nitrifying microorganisms and phosphor-soluble microorganisms; variant 2 - treatment with microbiological fertilizer Micro - Vita II containing azotobacter, nitrifying microorganisms, phosphor-soluble microorganisms and iron.From the morphological characteristics were measured the weight of whole plant,which ranged from 73,17 g in the control to 84,00 gin variant 1,root weight,which ranged from 63,83 g in the control to 74,67 g in variant 1, lengthwhich ranged from 17,69 cm in the control to 18,28 cmin variant 1, widthwhich ranged from 2,22 cm in the control to 2,39 cm in variant 1 and index of the rootwhich ranged from 7,65 in variant 1to 7,99 gin the control. According to the results statistically significant differenceswere determined between the variants in weight of whole plant and rootweight. The highest yield was obtained in variant 1from 53,77 t/ha, in variant 2 the yield was 46,32 t/ha, while the lowest yield was obtained in the control from 45,96 t/ha. Also statistically significant difference was determined in the yield between the variants

Prediction of Long-Term Indoor Radon Concentration Based on Short-Term Measurements

We present a method for the estimation of annual radon concentration based on short-term (three months) measurements. The study involves results from two independent sets of indoor radon concentration measurements performed in 16 cities of the Republic of Macedonia. The first data set contains winter and annual radon concentration obtained during the National survey in 2010 and the second, contains only the radon concentration measured during the winter of 2013. Both data sets pertain to radon concentration from the same cities and have been measured applying the same methodology in ground floor dwellings. The results appeared to be consistent and the dispersion of radon concentration was low. Linear regression analysis of the radon concentration measured in winter of 2010 and of the 2010 annual radon concentration revealed a high coefficient of determination R-2 = 0.92, with a relative uncertainty of 3%. Furthermore, this model was used to estimate the annual radon concentration solely from winter-term measurements performed in 2013. The geometrical mean of the estimated annual radon concentration of the 2013: radon concentration (A-2013) =98 Bqm(-3) was almost equal to the geometrical mean of the annual radon concentration from the 2010, radon concentration (A-2010) = 99 Bqm(-3). Analysis of the influence of building characteristics, such as presence/absence of a basement in the building, or the dominant building material on the estimated annual radon concentration is also reported. Our results show that a low number of relatively short-term radon measurements may produce a reasonable insight into a gross average obtained in a larger survey

The effect of a small dose of ketamine on postoperative analgesia and cytokine changes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background and objectives: In this study we assesed the effect of a small dose of ketamine on the production of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 and the postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Fifty patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized in two equal groups. Patients in the ketamine group after induction in anesthesia received ketamine – 025 mg/kg-1. At the same time patients from the control group received sodium chloride. Postoperatively, the pain was assessed with VAS at periods of 30 min at 1, 2, 4, 8, 18, 24 and 48 hours. TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 were evaluated before surgery at 4, 18 and 24h after the operation. Results: Differences of mean values of TNFα and IL-1β between the two groups in the postoperative period were not significant. Mean values of IL-6 in the investigated group A were significantly lower than the mean values of IL-6 in the investigated group B after the 4th hour (p = 0.00990), after the 18th hour (p = 0.00133) and as after the 24th hour following surgery (p = 000860). the difference in pain intensityaccording to the VAS scale was also statistically significantly smaller in group A after 30 min, 1,2,8 and 12 hours after surgery. Conclusions: The addition of a small-dose of ketamine in patiens undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in attenuation of secretion of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and reduction of postoperative pain. Key words: ketamine, postoperative pain, proinflammatory cytokines

Radiolabeled tirofiban – a potential radiopharmaceutical for detection of deep venous thrombosis

Marija Darkovska-Serafimovska,1,2 Emilija Janevik-Ivanovska,1 Icko Djorgoski,2 Zorica Arsova-Sarafinovska,1,3 Milka Zdravkovska,1 Trajan Balkanov,4 Nenad Ugresic5 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 3Department of Quality Control of Medicines, Institute for Public Health of the Republic of Macedonia, 4Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 5Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using 99mtechnetium (99mTc)-labeled tirofiban (a reversible antagonist of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) for detection of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in rats without causing an antiplatelet effect.Methods: The ability of in vitro tirofiban to inhibit adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation was evaluated using optical aggregometer. Binding of 99mTc-tirofiban to platelets was evaluated. Serum levels of unlabeled (a validated high performance liquid chromatography method) and 99mTc-tirofiban after single intravenous injection were evaluated in male Wistar rats with or without induced DVT (femoral vein ligation model), and the rats were also subjected to whole body scintigraphy.Results: Tirofiban in vitro inhibits ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner (10 nM to 2 µM), but only if it is added before ADP and not after ADP. 99mTc labeling did not affect the ability of tirofiban to bind to either human or rat platelets, nor did it affect tirofiban pharmacokinetics in intact rats or in animals with induced DVT. When 99mTc-tirofiban was injected to rats after induction of DVT, at a molar dose lower than the one showing only a weak antiaggregatory effect in vitro, whole body scintigraphy indicated localization of 99mTc-tirofiban around the place of the induced DVT.Conclusion: 99mTc labeling of tirofiban does not affect its ability to bind to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa or its in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats, either intact or with DVT. A low, nonantiaggregatory dose of 99mTc-tirofiban may be used to visualize DVT at an early stage. Keywords: tirofiban, 99mtechnetium, deep venous thrombosis, visualizatio

TISA99P105

Abstract: HLA alleles have been determined in individuals from the Republic of Macedonia by DNA typing and sequencing. HLA-A, -B, -DR, -DQ allele frequencies and extended haplotypes have been for the first time determined and the results compared to those of other Mediterraneans, par