3,562 research outputs found
RF MEMS Based Tunable Bowtie Shaped Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filter
A tunable bandpass filter based on a technique that utilizes substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and double coupling is presented. The SIW based bandpass filter is implemented using a bowtie shaped resonator structure. The bowtie shaped filter exhibits similar performance as found in rectangular and circular shaped SIW based bandpass filters. This concept reduces the circuit foot print of SIW; along with miniaturization high quality factor is maintained by the structure. The design methodology for single-pole triangular resonator structure is presented. Two different inter-resonator couplings of the resonators are incorporated in the design of the two-pole bowtie shaped SIW bandpass filter, and switching between the two couplings using a packaged RF MEMS switch delivers the tunable filter. A tunning of 1 GHz is achieved for two frequency states of 6.3 and 7.3 GHz. The total size of the circuit is 70mm x 36mm x 0.787 mm (LxWxH)
Genetic Factors Affecting Performance Traits of Sahiwal Cattle in Pakistan
Data on 23925 lactations of 5897 Sahiwal cows in five Government herds of Punjab province were collected to estimate the genetic control and genetic correlations among performance traits. A repeatability animal model having herd-year-season and parity was used for this purpose. The repeatability estimates for 305-d milk yield, total milk yield, lactation length, dry period, calving interval and service period were 0.40±0.015, 0.40±0.016, 0.33±0.013, 0.14±0.005, 0.15±0.004, and 0.14±0.005 respectively. The heritability estimates for these traits were 0.10±0.016, 0.09±0.016, 0.06±0.013, 0.14±0.009, 0.15±0.010, and 0.14±0.010, respectively. The phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlation of 305-d milk yield with lactation length was 0.71, 0.48 and 0.70, respectively, with dry period was -0.31, -0.43 and -0.22, respectively while with calving interval and service period exhibited similar pattern (0.08, 0.25 and 0.08, respectively). The estimated breeding values ranged from -447 to 1254 kg, -442 to 1265 kg, -24 to 38, -78 to 116, -84 to 107 and -81 to 91, days for 305-day milk yield, total milk yield, lactation length, dry period, calving interval and service period, respectively. No specific genetic trend was observed for performance traits during the period under study. Cows have not improved in their ability to perform in various economic traits. Accurate recording of pedigree and performance is necessary for improving the performance traits of Sahiwal. Due to high repeatability estimates of yield traits selection or culling may be practised from first few records
Equivalent Circuit Modeling of the Dielectric Loaded Microwave Biosensor
This article describes the modeling of biological tissues at microwave frequency using equivalent lumped elements. A microwave biosensor based on microstrip ring resonator (MRR), that has been utilized previously for meat quality evaluation is used for this purpose. For the first time, the ring-resonator loaded with the lossy and high permittivity dielectric material, such as; biological tissue, in a partial overlay configuration is analyzed. The equivalent circuit modeling of the structure is then performed to identify the effect of overlay thickness on the resonance frequency. Finally, the relationship of an overlay thickness with the corresponding RC values of the meat equivalent circuit is established. Simulated, calculated and measured results are then compared for validation. Results are well agreed while the observed discrepancy is in acceptable limit
COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT HIGH YIELDING WHEAT VARIETIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF ATTOCK.
The experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field Attock during the year 2015-16. Six wheat Varieties i.e Aas 2011, Bars 2009, Narc 2009, Chakwal 50 and Pakistan 13 were evaluated for yield performance. Results revealed that all the varieties differ significantly in yield parameters. The varieties Narc 2009 and Pakistan 13 were best performer with 36.34mds/acre and 36.14mds/acre yield respectively and are recommended for cultivation in rainfed conditions of Attock District
Analyzing Energy-efficiency and Route-selection of Multi-level Hierarchal Routing Protocols in WSNs
The advent and development in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in
recent years has seen the growth of extremely small and low-cost sensors that
possess sensing, signal processing and wireless communication capabilities.
These sensors can be expended at a much lower cost and are capable of detecting
conditions such as temperature, sound, security or any other system. A good
protocol design should be able to scale well both in energy heterogeneous and
homogeneous environment, meet the demands of different application scenarios
and guarantee reliability. On this basis, we have compared six different
protocols of different scenarios which are presenting their own schemes of
energy minimizing, clustering and route selection in order to have more
effective communication. This research is motivated to have an insight that
which of the under consideration protocols suit well in which application and
can be a guide-line for the design of a more robust and efficient protocol.
MATLAB simulations are performed to analyze and compare the performance of
LEACH, multi-level hierarchal LEACH and multihop LEACH.Comment: NGWMN with 7th IEEE Inter- national Conference on Broadband and
Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA 2012), Victoria,
Canada, 201
Dynamics of self-gravitating systems in non-linearly magnetized chameleonic Brans-Dicke gravity
We study the effects of magnetic fields of non-linear electrodynamics in
chameleonic Brans-Dicke theory under the existence of anisotropic spherical
fluid. In particular, we explore dissipative and non-dissipative
self-gravitating systems in the quasi-homologous regime with the minimal
complexity constraint. As a result, under the aforementioned circumstances,
several analytic solutions are found. Furthermore, by analyzing the dynamics of
a dissipative fluid, it is demonstrated that a void covering the center can
satisfy the Darmois criteria. The temperature of the self gravitating systems
is also investigated.Comment: 26 pages, version accepted for publication in General Relativity and
Gravitatio
CSLM: Levenberg Marquardt based Back Propagation Algorithm Optimized with Cuckoo Search
Training an artificial neural network is an optimization task, since it is desired to find optimal weight sets for a neural network during training process. Traditional training algorithms such as back propagation have some drawbacks such as getting stuck in local minima and slow speed of convergence. This study combines the best features of two algorithms; i.e. Levenberg Marquardt back propagation (LMBP) and Cuckoo Search (CS) for improving the convergence speed of artificial neural networks (ANN) training. The proposed CSLM algorithm is trained on XOR and OR datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed CSLM algorithm has better performance than other similar hybrid variants used in this study
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