Sağlıklı erişkinlerde serum seks hormonları ve kemik dışı alkalen fosfataz izoenzimleri arasındaki ilişkiler

Amaç: "Postmenopoz kadınlardaki osteoporoz riski yaşlı erkeklerden daha yüksektir ve bu farklılık yaşlandıkça daha da belirgin hale gelmektedir. Erkeklerdeki kemik alkalen fosfataz (K-ALP) izoenziminin yaşlanma ve sex steroidleri ile ilişkisi hala tartışmalıdır. Bu konuyla ilgili erişkinlerde yapılan bir çok çalışma dar bir yaş aralığım içermektedir. Kemik densitesi için kemik metabolizması markırlarının kullanışlılığı sağlıklı yaşlı erkek ve kadınlarda iyice tanımlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı erkek ve kadınlarda total-ALP, K-ALP ve kemik dışı (KD-ALP) 'deki yaşa bağlı değişmeleri ve seks steroidlerinin ALP izoenzimleri ile olası ilişkilerini incelemekti. Metotlar: Yaşları 15-83 arası (64'ü erkek ve 113'ü kadın) olan 177 sağlıklı yetişkin çalışmada yer aldı. Serum T-ALP aktivitesi kinetik assay ile ölçüldü ve daha sonra B-ALP précipitât (lectin) kullanılarak çöktürüldü. Sex steroidleri chemiluminescent enzim immıınaassay (Total testosteron (TTE), dehidroepiandrostenodion (DHEAS), estradiol (E2), seks hormon bağlayıcı globulin (SHBG) ve radyoimınunassay (serbest testosteron (STE) yöntemler ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Postmenopoz kadınlarda serum T-ALP, K-ALP ve KD-ALP aktiviteleri premenopoz dönemdekilere oranla anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksekti. Menopoz sonrası K-ALP ve T-ALP belirgin bir şekilde (sırasıyla %38 ve %26) arttı. 50 yaşın alt ve üstündeki erkekler benzer ALP düzeylerine sahipti. Serum STE ve DHEAS erkeklerde yaş ile ters ilişkiliydi. Kadınlarda, E2 ve DHEAS yaş ile azalmıştı. K-ALP kadınlarda yaşlanma ile doğru ve erkeklerde ise ters ilişki gösterdi. Yaşlanma ve SHBG arasındaki ilişkilerde her iki cinsde farklıydı. Sonuç: Kadınların tersine T-ALP erkeklerde iyi bir kemik turnover markın değildir. T-ALP ve K-ALP deki değişmeler erkeklerde STE, DHEAS ile kadınlarda E2 ile ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle, yaşlı erkek ve kadınlarda sex steroidlerinin kemik kaybı üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmek için daha kapsamlı cross-sectional çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.Background: Risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is greater than that in elderly men and the difference increases with age. The relations of B-ALP to aging and sex steroids in men are still controversial. Most studies on this subject have been performed on the adults in a narrow age-range. The usefullness of markers of bone metabolism f or predicting bone density have not been well described in healthy elderly men and women. The aim of this study was to assess age-related changes in T-ALP, B-ALP and N B-ALP and relationships of sex steroid to ALP isoenzymes in healthy men and women. Methods: A total of 177 healthy adults (64 men and 113 women) aged between 15-83 years were included in this study. Serum T- ALP activity was measured by a kinetic assay, and then B-ALP was precipitated using the precipitant- a lectin. Sex steroids were determined by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (TTE, DHEAS, E2, SHBG) and radioimmunoassay (FTE). Results: Serum T-ALP, B-ALP, and NB-ALP activities were significantly higher in the postmenopausal women than in the premenopausal ones. After menopause, B-ALP and T-ALP were markedly increased by 38 % and 26 %, respectively. These ALP results in apparently healthy men <50 yrs and >50 yrs were similar. Serum FTE and DHEAS were significantly inverse relation to the age of men. In women, E2 and DHEAS decreased with age. There were an increased B-ALP activity in women and a borderline decrease of B-ALP activity in men with aging. There was a gender difference in SHBG levels with aging. Conclusion: In contrast of women, T-ALP is not a good marker of bone turnover in men. The changes in both T-ALP and B-ALP are associated with E2 in women, the latter is associated with DHEAS in men. Thus, further comprehensive cross-sectional studies should be made to evaluate the effects of sex steroids on bone loss in aging men and women

Use of chemically modified poly(ethylene terephthalate)-g(acryl amide) fibers for a-amylase immobilization

Acryl amide grafted Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (AAm-g-PET) fiber was used for covalent coupling of a-amylase. The amide groups of Poly(acryl amide) were converted to the amine groups by Hofmann degradation reaction. The amine groups were activated by glutaraldehyde, before coupling of the enzyme. The free ?-amylase and immobilized ?-amylase were characterized by determining the activity profile as function of pM, temperature, thermal stability and storage stability. For the immobilized ?-amylase, operational stability was also determined. The immobilization of ?-amylase on support caused the optimal reaction pH to shift from 5 to 6. The maximum activity of the free and immobilized enzymes occurred at 50 °C. K m for the immobilized system was higher than that for the free enzyme. The activity of the free enzyme ended in 30 days, whereas the activity of the immobilized enzyme lasted for 60 days at storage conditions. ?-Amylase immobilized on matrix maintained 40% of its original activity after 30 times of repeated use

Removal of cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions using sporopollenin

Sorption of cadmium ion from aqueous solution by sporopollenin, a polymer obtained from Lycopodium clavatum, was investigated. The influences of adsorption time, temperature, pH of solution, and Cd(II) concentration on the adsorbed amount were investigated. 45 minutes of adsorption time was found to be sufficient to reach equilibrium. The adsorption capacity of sporopollenin was found to be 82.3 ?mol·g-1. The heat of adsorption value was calculated as 15.3 J·mol-1. Influences of HCl, H 2SO4, HCl+H2SO4, and EDTA solutions on desorption were investigated

Preparation and characterization of pH-sensitive alginate-g-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/gelatin blend beads

In this study, pH-sensitive alginate-g-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/gelatin (SA-g-PVP/Gel) blend beads were produced as controlled release system. Structural features of the SA-g-PVP/Gel beads were characterized by FTIR, X-RD, DSC, SEM and mercury intrusion-porosimetry. In vitro nifedipine (NFD) release was investigated at pH 1.2 for 2 h and followed by immersing at pH 7.4 for 6 h. Effects of diverse parameters such as grafting of PVP, copolymer/gelatin blend ratio, concentration of cross-linker and drug amount on the release of NFD were investigated. The NFD release from SA-g-PVP/Gel beads demonstrated pH-sensitivity of drug release. Cytotoxicity experiments of SA-g-PVP and SA-g-PVP/Gel beads displayed their biocompatible character. © 2017 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistr

Adsorption behavior of copper(II) ion from aqueous solution on methacrylic acid-grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers

The adsorption behavior of methacrylic acid-grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers was studied toward the copper(II) ion in aqueous solutions by a batch equilibriation technique. The influence of treatment time, temperature, pH of the solution, metal ion concentration, and graft yield were considered. One hour of adsorption time was found sufficient to reach adsorption equilibrium for the copper(II) ion. It was found that the adsorption isotherm of Cu(II) fits Langmuir-type isotherms. The adsorption process is not affected by the temperature when treated with low ion concentration, but is remarkably decreased at a high ion concentration. The heat of adsorption value was calculated as 0.71 kcal/mol. It was found that the reactive fibers are stable and regenerable by acid without losing their activity

Defocusing beam line design for an irradiation facility at the TAEA SANAEM Proton Accelerator Facility

Electronic components must be tested to ensure reliable performance in high radiation environments such as Hi-Limu LHC and space. We propose a defocusing beam line to perform proton irradiation tests in Turkey. The Turkish Atomic Energy Authority SANAEM Proton Accelerator Facility was inaugurated in May 2012 for radioisotope production. The facility has also an R&D room for research purposes. The accelerator produces protons with 30 MeV kinetic energy and the beam current is variable between View the MathML source10μA and View the MathML source1.2mA. The beam kinetic energy is suitable for irradiation tests, however the beam current is high and therefore the flux must be lowered. We plan to build a defocusing beam line (DBL) in order to enlarge the beam size, reduce the flux to match the required specifications for the irradiation tests. Current design includes the beam transport and the final focusing magnets to blow up the beam. Scattering foils and a collimator is placed for the reduction of the beam flux. The DBL is designed to provide fluxes between View the MathML source107p/cm2/s and View the MathML source109p/cm2/s for performing irradiation tests in an area of View the MathML source15.4cm×21.5cm. The facility will be the first irradiation facility of its kind in Turkey

Metabolism of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA)

Asimetrik dimetil arjinin (ADMA) endojen Nitrik Oksit Sentaz Enzimi (NOS) inhibitörüdür. İlk kez 1970 yıllarında metillenmiş arjininler insan idrarında saptanmıştır. Ancak ADMA ile ilgili ilk çalışma 1992’de kronik böbrek yetmezliği hastalarında yapılmıştır. Son yıllarda yapılan çok sayıda çalışmada ADMA’nın endotel disfonksiyonu ve aterosklerozda rol aldığı ve belirteç olarak kullanılabileceği bildirilmiştir. ADMA’nın böbrek yetmezliği, ateroskleroz, hiperglisemi ve hiperhomosisteinemi durumlarında da serumda yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Biz bu derlemede ADMA’nın yapısı, sentezi, metabolizması ve klinik durumlar ile ilişkisini inceleyeceğiz.Asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) enzyme. Methylated arginine has been found in human urine for the first time in the 1970s. However the first study with ADMA has been made among patients with chronic renal failure in 1992. It has been reported by many studies that ADMA contributed in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and can be used as a marker in recent years. ADMA was found to be elevated in the serum in cases of renal insufficiency, atherosclerosis, hyperglycemia and in hyperhomocysteinemia. In this review we will study ADMA structure, synthesis, metabolism and its relationship with clinical conditions

Probabilistic risk assessment of radiotherapy application

The recent rapid development and increasing complexity of radiotherapy devices and applications has increased the importance of correct and safe treatment. Risk management is very important in radiotherapy (RT), because incorrect treatment can have serious consequences in terms of mortality or morbidity. However, there are currently few studies on risk analysis in RT. This quantitative and qualitative study of the radiotherapy system (all radiotherapy process) uses the fault tree method, one of the probabilistic risk assessment methods in radiotherapy applications, which is used to devise accident preventive actions. First of all, RT applications were divided into simulation, treatment planning and treatment delivery. For each, work flow charts were determined, and fault trees were created in SAPHIRE (Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluations) software. Fault probabilities were determined using the expert judgment method. This analysis allowed the identification of the weak points of the system, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The analyzes also revealed that there was a 0.5% occurrence probability of a top event, determined as an incorrect dose or dose distribution in RT. It was determined that the greatest contribution to this probability value was matching error with image guidance, 7.88%. Fault tree analysis (FTA) was found to facilitate a detailed examination of the radiotherapy system. After the risk analysis, the appropriate quality control method for weak points should be determined and implemented for safety management in radiotherapy

METU defocusing beamline project for the first SEE tests in Turkey and the test results from the METU-DBL preliminary setup

Space radiation can affect performance of electronic components during a satellite’s mission. In order to ensure reliable performance, these components must be tested under some types of radiation. Middle East Technical University-Defocusing Beam Line (METU-DBL) project aims to perform Single Event Effect (SEE) tests for space, HiLumi LHC, nuclear and other applications. ESA ESCC No. 25100 Standard Single Event Effect Test Method and Guidelines is considered for these SEE tests. Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEA) has a cyclotron which can accelerate protons up to 30MeV kinetic energy at the Proton Accelerator Facility (PAF) mainly for radioisotope production and for R&D; purposes. According to the standard, the proton beam kinetic energy must be between 20MeV and 200MeV . While the proton energy is suitable for SEE tests, the beam size must be 15.40 cm × 21.55 cm and the flux must be between 10$^5$  p/cm$^2$ /s to at least 10$^8$  p/cm$^2$ /s according to the standard. The beam size at the entrance of the R&D; room is mm-sized and the current is variable between 10  μ A and 1.2 mA. Therefore, a defocusing beam line has been designed to enlarge the beam size and reduce the flux. The beam line has three quadrupole magnets to enlarge the beam size and collimators and scattering foils are used for flux reduction. Currently, METU-DBL preliminary test setup, which was installed in the R&D; room, enlarges the beam size with only two quadrupole magnets and it reduces the proton flux with a collimator. The final beam size is about 6 cm × 8 cm and the beam flux is ∼10$^9$  p/cm$^2$ /s. The first tests of electronic components were performed and the commissioning results from the beam measurement system are here presented