The Effect of the Parenting Skills in the Attitude of Preschool Students’ Mothers

AbstractIntroduction: child and adolescent mental health is the main part of public health and any effort for the improvement of the child mental health needs evaluation of parenting skills and familial interactions. Positive parenting education is an interventional program based on the social learning theory and its main objective is prevention of behavioural, emotional and developmental problems in children by increasing the information, skills and self confidence of the parents.Materials and methods: 32 individuals who were the mother of pre school students enrolled in this study. Beforeand after positive parenting education they were asked to fill the parenting scale and demographic questionnaires.Results: The score of the parenting scale was higher in three sub scale before education and the total score in mothers with age of lower than 30 and in mothers whose student was their first child was higher before education. the role of age and the birth rank were not significant after education .Conclusion: this study shows that short term education of positive parenting can make improvement in different sub scales of parenting scale

Innate acting memory Th1 cells modulate heterologous diseases

Through immune memory, infections have a lasting effect on the host. While memory cells enable accelerated and enhanced responses upon rechallenge with the same pathogen, their impact on susceptibility to unrelated diseases is unclear. We identify a subset of memory T helper 1 (Th1) cells termed innate acting memory T (TIA) cells that originate from a viral infection and produce IFN-γ with innate kinetics upon heterologous challenge in vivo. Activation of memory TIA cells is induced in response to IL-12 in combination with IL-18 or IL-33 but is TCR independent. Rapid IFN-γ production by memory TIA cells is protective in subsequent heterologous challenge with the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila. In contrast, antigen-independent reactivation of CD4+ memory TIA cells accelerates disease onset in an autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. Our findings demonstrate that memory Th1 cells can acquire additional TCR-independent functionality to mount rapid, innate-like responses that modulate susceptibility to heterologous challenges

Biochronostratigraphy and paleoenvironment analysis of Neogene deposits from the Pelotas Basin (well 2-TG-96-RS), Southernmost Brazil

This paper presents the integration of micropaleontological (palynology and foraminifera) and isotopic (87Sr/86Sr) analysis of a selected interval from the well 2-TG-96-RS, drilled on the onshore portion of the Pelotas Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of eight samples of the section between 140.20 and 73.50 m in depth was selected for palynological analysis, revealing diversified and abundant palynomorph associations. Species of spores, pollen grains and dinoflagellate cysts are the most common palynomorphs found. Planktic and benthic calcareous foraminifera were recovered from the lowest two levels of the section (140.20 and 134.30 m). Based on the stratigraphic range of the species of dinoflagellate cysts and sporomorphs, a span age from Late Miocene to Early Pliocene is assigned. The relative age obtained from the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in shells of calcareous foraminifers indicates a Late Miocene (Messinian) correspondence, corroborating the biostratigraphic positioning performed with palynomorphs. Paleoenvironmental interpretations based on the quantitative distribution of organic components (palynomorphs, phytoclasts and amorphous organic matter) throughout the section and on foraminiferal associations indicate a shallow marine depositional environment for the section. Two palynologicals intervals were recognized based on palynofacies analysis, related to middle to outer shelf (140.20 to 128.90 m) and inner shelf (115.75 to 73.50 m) conditions

Evaluation of the Knowledge of Rural High School Students in Yazd About Drugs

Introduction: Considering high prevalence of addiction, the age range of drug abuse and availability of new synthetic drugs, evaluation of knowledge of adolescents about drugs would be a priority in research. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 517 rural high school students were asked to complete a questionnaire and through SPSS soft ware version 13, collected data was analyzed by chi-square and analysis of variance tests. Results: 7.1% of rural families with at least one boy in high school had an addict family member. 70.2% of high school students had had a contact with an addict and 42.5% knew an adolescent addict. Also, 17.5% had been offered drugs and 37.9% of high school students claimed that there was at least one addict in their family or relations. Conclusion: Considering the frequency of addiction in families and rate of invitation to drug abuse in students, there is a high risk of increment of addiction in high schools and therefore real and urgent need to do an intervention

The study of most important factors influencing physician choice

Abstract Objectives: physician-patient relationship has its own effect on medical condition and the nature of this relationship partly depends on the selective criteria that a patient has in his/her mind for choosing a physician. Material and methods: 493 persons of various age groups were selected through the cluster sampling method from 25 regions of Yazd city. In first step of research, subjects were asked to write down five most important factors in physician choice and in second step they were asked to prioritize selective criteria in a 21-items questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, kruskal-wallis and Mann Whitney test. Results: one third of participants believe that the most important criteria for selecting a physician is the knowledge and experience of the physician and other important factors include spending enough time for examination and being particularly interested in the patients' problems. Although there was no significant difference between males and females attitude, the difference among age groups was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Physicians' awareness of the most important factors which place on choosing them specially attention to scientific qualification, communication skills and quality of medical services causes more physicians' successful function and more patients' satisfaction