Mechanical and physical properties of oil palm trunk core particleboard bonded with different UF resins

Rapid price increases and reduc­tion in the sup­ply of rub­ber­wood has forced the par­ti­cle­board man­u­fac­tur­ers to look for new alter­na­tive raw mate­ri­als. The pro­duc­tion of par­ti­cle­board from other wood species will be a good solu­tion to the prob­lem of deplet­ing wood sup­plies. The objec­tive of this study was to eval­u­ate the prop­er­ties of par­ti­cle­board made from rub­ber­wood and oil palm trunk pressed at dif­fer­ent tem­per­a­tures and times com­pared to par­ti­cle­boards made from sin­gle species. Two types of UF resins (E1 resin and SE0 resin) were applied in this study. The effect of surface-to-core ratio was also exam­ined in this study. The mod­u­lus of rup­ture, inter­nal bond strength and thick­ness swelling of the boards were eval­u­ated based on the Japan­ese Indus­trial Stan­dard for par­ti­cle­board (JIS A 5908:2003). After eval­u­a­tion, the pan­els pro­duced are a poten­tial sub­sti­tute to the pan­els made from pure rubberwood

Erratum to: ‘Characteristics associated with the consumption of malted drinks among Malaysian primary school children: findings from the MyBreakfast study’

10.1186/s12889-016-2745-2BMC Public Health16116

Whole Grain Intakes in the Diets Of Malaysian Children and Adolescents--Findings from the MyBreakfast Study.

Diets rich in whole grain are associated with several health benefits. Little is known however, about whole grain consumption patterns in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to assess whole grain intakes and dietary source in Malaysian children and adolescents.This analysis is from the MyBreakfast study, a national cross sectional study investigating eating habits among primary and secondary school children throughout Malaysia, conducted in 2013. Children (n = 5,165) and adolescents (n = 2,947) who completed two days of dietary assessment using a food record or recall respectively were included. The whole grain content of foods was estimated mainly through the use of quantitative ingredient declarations on food labels. All wholegrain foods were considered irrespective of the amount of whole grain they contained.Overall, only 25% of children and 19% of adolescents were wholegrain consumers. Mean daily intakes in the total sample were 2.3g/d (SD 5.8 g/d) in children and 1.7 g/d (SD 4.7 g/d) in adolescents and in the consumer's only sample, mean intakes reached 9.1g/d (SD 8.6) and 9.2g/d (SD 7.1g/d) respectively. Wheat was the main grain source of whole grain while ready to eat breakfast cereals and hot cereals were the main food contributors. Less than 3% of the children and adolescents reached the US quantitative whole grain recommendation of 48 g/day.Whole grain is consumed by only a minority of Malaysian children and adolescents and even among consumers, intakes are well below recommendations. Efforts are needed to firstly understand the barriers to whole grain consumption among Malaysian children in order to design effective health promotion initiatives to promote an increase in whole grain consumption

Characteristics associated with the consumption of malted drinks among Malaysian primary school children: findings from the MyBreakfast study

Background: The consumption of beverages contributes to diet quality and overall nutrition. Studies on malted drinks, one of the widely consumed beverage choices among children in Asia, however, have received limited attention. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of malted drink consumption and explored associations of sociodemographic characteristics, nutrient intakes, weight status and physical activity levels with malted drink consumption among primary school children in Malaysia. Methods: Data for this analysis were from the MyBreakfast Study, a national cross-sectional study conducted from April to October 2013 throughout all regions in Malaysia. A total of 2065 primary school children aged 6 to 12 years were included in the present analysis. Data on two days 24-h dietary recall or record, anthropometry, physical activity and screen time were recorded. Associations between malted drink consumption and related factors were examined using binary logistic regression, adjusting for region, area, gender, ethnicity and household income. Results: Among children aged 6 to12 years, 73.5 % reported consuming malted drinks for at least once per week. Consumption of malted drinks was significantly associated with region (χ 2  = 45.64, p < 0.001), gender (χ 2  = 4.41, p = 0.036) and ethnicity (χ 2  = 13.74, p = 0.008). Malted drink consumers had similar total energy intake but higher micronutrient intakes compared to non-consumers. High physical activity level (OR = 1.77, 95 % CI = 1.06, 2.99) and lower screen time during weekends (OR = 0.93, 95 % CI = 0.86, 0.99) were independently associated with malted drink consumption among 6 to 9 year-old children, but not among 10 to 12 year-old children. No association was observed between malted drink consumption and weight status. Conclusions: Malted drink consumption is prevalent among Malaysian primary school children, particularly higher among boys, indigenous children and those who lived in the East Coast region of Malaysia. Consuming malted drinks is associated with higher micronutrient intakes and higher levels of physical activity, but not with body weight status

Whole grain intakes (g/day) among Malaysian adolescents by socio-demographics.

<p>NS: no significant difference; RM: Ringgit Malaysia</p><p>^a,b,c different alphabets denote significant difference (Kruskal Wallis test or Mann-Whitney U test)</p><p>^d comparison of whole grain consumer distribution by socio-demographic background (chi-square)</p><p>^e comparison of whole grain mean intake by socio-demographic background (Kruskal Wallis test or Mann-Whitney U test)</p><p>* Respondents’ fathers from total sample (n = 28) and whole grain consumers (n = 8) had no formal education, and due to the small sample size for analyses, they are included in the primary education group</p><p>For total sample: 192 missing data for monthly income variable; 293 missing data for father’s education level variable</p><p>For whole grain consumers: 54 missing data for monthly income variable; 58 missing data for father’s education level variable</p><p>Whole grain intakes (g/day) among Malaysian adolescents by socio-demographics.</p

Distribution of sources of whole grain intake among 555 adolescents aged 13–1 years who were whole grain consumers.

<p>The major food source of whole grain intake was ready-to-eat breakfast cereal (56.9%), followed by hot cereal (24.6%), biscuits (10.9%), bread (4.9%), others (2.0%), rice (0.5%) and pasta/noodle (0.2%).</p

Sampling procedure.

<p>^†States included in each of the regions: Northern–Perlis, Kedah, Penang & Perak; Southern–Negeri Sembilan, Malacca & Johor; Central–Selangor, WP Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya; East Coast–Kelantan, Pahang & Terengganu; East Malaysia–Sabah & Sarawak.</p

Distribution of types of whole grains consumed by a sample of 1,286 Malaysian children aged 6–12 years and 555 adolescents aged 13–17 years who were whole grain consumers.

<p>The main contributor was wheat (77.7%), followed by oats (13.7%), maize/ corn (7.4%) and rice (1.2%).</p