1,693 research outputs found
An experiment to detect gravity at sub-mm scale with high-Q mechanical oscillators
Silicon double paddle oscillators are well suited for the detection of weak
forces because of their high Q factor (about 10^5 at room temperature). We
describe an experiment aimed at the detection of gravitational forces between
masses at sub-mm distance using such an oscillator. Gravitational excitation is
produced by a rotating aluminium disk with platinum segments. The force
sensitivity of this apparatus is about 10 fN at room temperature for 1000 s
averaging time at room temperature. The current limitations to detection of the
gravitational force are mentioned.Comment: 19 pages, to appear in Proceedings of the Tenth Marcel Grossmann
Meeting on General Relativity, edited by M. Novello, S. Perez-Bergliaffa and
R. Ruffini, World Scientific. Revision: portable format and revised figure
Collisional stability of a three-component degenerate Fermi gas
We report on the creation of a degenerate Fermi gas consisting of a balanced
mixture of atoms in three different hyperfine states of Li. This new system
consists of three distinguishable Fermions with different and tunable
interparticle scattering lengths , and . We are able
to prepare samples containing atoms in each state at a
temperature of about nK, which corresponds to . We
investigated the collisional stability of the gas for magnetic fields between 0
and 600 G and found a prominent loss feature at 130 G. From lifetime
measurements we determined three-body loss coefficients, which vary over nearly
three orders of magnitude
The unimolecular decomposition of dimethoxymethane: channel switching as a function of temperature and pressure
Branching ratios of competing unimolecular reactions often exhibit a complicated temperature and pressure dependence that makes modelling of complex reaction systems in the gas phase difficult. In particular, the competition between steps proceeding via tight and loose transition states is known to present a problem. A recent example from the field of combustion chemistry is the unimolecular decomposition of CHOCHOCH (DMM), which is discussed as an alternative fuel accessible from sustainable sources. It is shown by a detailed master equation analysis with energy- and angular-momentum-resolved specific rate coefficients from RRKM theory and from the simplified statistical adiabatic channel model, how channel switching of DMM depends on temperature and pressure, and under which experimental conditions which channels prevail. The necessary molecular and energy data were obtained from quantum-chemical calculations at the CCSD(F12*)(T*)/cc-pVQZ-F12//B2PLYP-D3/def2-TZVPP level of theory. A parameterization describing the channel branching over extended ranges of temperature and pressure is derived, and the model is used to simulate shock tube experiments with detection by atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The agreement between the simulated and experimental concentration–time profiles is very good. The temperature and pressure dependence of the channel branching is rationalized, and the data are presented in a form that can be readily implemented into DMM combustion models
Quick X-ray microtomography using a laser-driven betatron source
Laser-driven X-ray sources are an emerging alternative to conventional X-ray
tubes and synchrotron sources. We present results on microtomographic X-ray
imaging of a cancellous human bone sample using synchrotron-like betatron
radiation. The source is driven by a 100-TW-class titanium-sapphire laser
system and delivers over X-ray photons per second. Compared to earlier
studies, the acquisition time for an entire tomographic dataset has been
reduced by more than an order of magnitude. Additionally, the reconstruction
quality benefits from the use of statistical iterative reconstruction
techniques. Depending on the desired resolution, tomographies are thereby
acquired within minutes, which is an important milestone towards real-life
applications of laser-plasma X-ray sources
COMPARISON OF PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN (PCNA) STAINING AND BRDURD-LABELING INDEX UNDER DIFFERENT PROLIFERATIVE CONDITIONS IN-VITRO BY FLOW-CYTOMETRY
PC10 is a monoclonal antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The staining pattern in immunochemistry depends on fixation and detergent extraction treatment. The aim of this study was to validate the flow cytometric PCNA assay against Bromodeoxyuridine-labelling index (BrdUrd-LI) under different proliferative conditions in vitro. Expression of PCNA in methanol fixed cells with, and without, prior detergent extraction with EDTA/Triton was compared to BrdUrd-labelling index in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and human Caski tumour cells in exponential phase and under confluent conditions. Serum stimulation and serum starvation conditions were studied. The results for BrdUrd-LI and PCNA-index after extraction showed good correlation for 3T3 fibroblasts and for Caski cells, with some differences for serum withdrawn Caski cells. There was no correlation between the number of cells that were positive for PCNA without extraction and BrdUrd-LI. Spheroid cells with G(1)-DNA-content showed an almost synchronous recruitment and progression through the cell cycle after trypsination and replating. Tightly bound PCNA paralleled this synchronicity whereas total PCNA did not change significantly. The results demonstrate that immunochemical detection of non-extractable PCNA-index gives similar results as compared with BrdUrd-labelling index under different proliferative conditions in vitro for different monolayer cell lines, whereas without extraction PCNA does not correlate with BrdUrd-LI in these fast growing cell lines due to its long half-life. PCNA expression parallels the progression through the cell cycle in V79 spheroids, a primitive model of tumour growth
Fermionization of two distinguishable fermions
In this work we study a system of two distinguishable fermions in a 1D
harmonic potential. This system has the exceptional property that there is an
analytic solution for arbitrary values of the interparticle interaction. We
tune the interaction strength via a magnetic offset field and compare the
measured properties of the system to the theoretical prediction. At the point
where the interaction strength diverges, the energy and square of the wave
function for two distinguishable particles are the same as for a system of two
identical fermions. This is referred to as fermionization. We have observed
this phenomenon by directly comparing two distinguishable fermions with
diverging interaction strength with two identical fermions in the same
potential. We observe good agreement between experiment and theory. By adding
one or more particles our system can be used as a quantum simulator for more
complex few-body systems where no theoretical solution is available
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