Cryogenics for the CERN Solar Axion Telescope (CAST) using a LHC Dipole Prototype Magnet

The axion, an as yet hypothetical particle predicted from the solution of the strong CP problem, constitutes a prime candidate for the galactic dark matter and also arises in supersymmetry and superstring theories. If existing, axions should be copiously produced in stellar interiors and there are theoretical expectations for a low-energy axion emission spectrum peaked around a mean energy of ~ 4.4 keV. To provide the experimental proof, a solar axion telescope is at present installed at CERN, which is expected to be in total 10-12 times more efficient than the present largest set-up in operation at the University of Tokyo. The telescope will use a decommissioned 10-m long LHC superconducting dipole prototype magnet, providing a magnetic field of 9 T in operation, to catalyse the solar axion to photon conversion, which then can be detected by low-background x-ray detectors. The paper describes the external and proximity cryogenic systems and their integration into the overall telescope assembly

Baseline Configuration of the Cryogenic System for the International Linear Collider

The paper discusses the main constraints and boundary conditions and describes the baseline configuration of the International Linear Collider (ILC) cryogenic system. The cryogenic layout, architecture and the cooling principle are presented. The paper addresses a plan for study and development required to demonstrate and improve the performance, to reduce cost and to attain the desired reliability

European guideline on IgG4-related digestive disease – UEG and SGF evidence-based recommendations

The overall objective of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related digestive disease in adults and children. IgG4-related digestive disease can be diagnosed only with a comprehensive work-up that includes histology, organ morphology at imaging, serology, search for other organ involvement, and response to glucocorticoid treatment. Indications for treatment are symptomatic patients with obstructive jaundice, abdominal pain, posterior pancreatic pain, and involvement of extra-pancreatic digestive organs, including IgG4-related cholangitis. Treatment with glucocorticoids should be weight-based and initiated at a dose of 0.6–0.8 mg/kg body weight/day orally (typical starting dose 30-40 mg/day prednisone equivalent) for 1 month to induce remission and then be tapered within two additional months. Response to initial treatment should be assessed at week 2–4 with clinical, biochemical and morphological markers. Maintenance treatment with glucocorticoids should be considered in multi-organ disease or history of relapse. If there is no change in disease activity and burden within 3 months, the diagnosis should be reconsidered. If the disease relapsed during the 3 months of treatment, immunosuppressive drugs should be added

Pulmonary neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors: European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society expert consensus and recommendations for best practice for typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoids

This is an expert consensus from the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society recommending best practice for the management of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors including typical and atypical carcinoids. It emphasizes the latest discussion on nomenclature, advances and utility of new diagnostic techniques as well as the limited evidence and difficulties in determining the optimal therapeutic strateg

Baseline Configuration of the Cryogenic System for the International Linear Collider

The paper discusses the main constraints and boundary conditions and describes the baseline configuration of the International Linear Collider (ILC) cryogenic system. The cryogenic layout, architecture and the cooling principle are presented. The paper addresses a plan for study and development required to demonstrate and improve the performance, to reduce cost and to attain the desired reliability

Imaging Correlation

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Variational formulations for the determination of resonant states in scattering problems

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Conductor-Limited Quenches of LHC Superconducting Main Dipoles

In the framework of the series tests of superconducting magnets for the LHC, a special procedure was developed at CERN to perform conductor-limited quenches at temperatures around 4.4 K. All results obtained on pre-series and series main dipoles tested to date will be presented with their analysis. These quenches allow fine diagnostics concerning the electrical integrity of the conductors and of the splices. They also allow the determination for each magnet of the temperature margin at nominal operating conditions of the LHC at superfluid helium. The comparison between the quench current and the critical current directly measured on short samples of superconducting cables used for the winding is discussed