197 research outputs found
Large conditional single-photon cross-phase modulation
Deterministic optical quantum logic requires a nonlinear quantum process that
alters the phase of a quantum optical state by through interaction with
only one photon. Here, we demonstrate a large conditional cross-phase
modulation between a signal field, stored inside an atomic quantum memory, and
a control photon that traverses a high-finesse optical cavity containing the
atomic memory. This approach avoids fundamental limitations associated with
multimode effects for traveling optical photons. We measure a conditional
cross-phase shift of up to between the retrieved signal and control
photons, and confirm deterministic entanglement between the signal and control
modes by extracting a positive concurrence. With a moderate improvement in
cavity finesse, our system can reach a coherent phase shift of at low
loss, enabling deterministic and universal photonic quantum logic.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, includes supplementary informatio
Partially Nondestructive Continuous Detection of Individual Traveling Optical Photons
We report the continuous and partially nondestructive measurement of optical
photons. For a weak light pulse traveling through a slow-light optical medium
(signal), the associated atomic-excitation component is detected by another
light beam (probe) with the aid of an optical cavity. We observe strong
correlations of between the transmitted signal and probe
photons. The observed (intrinsic) conditional nondestructive quantum efficiency
ranges between 13% and 1% (65% and 5%) for a signal transmission range of 2% to
35%, at a typical time resolution of 2.5 s. The maximal observed
(intrinsic) device nondestructive quantum efficiency, defined as the product of
the conditional nondestructive quantum efficiency and the signal transmission,
is 0.5% (2.4%). The normalized cross-correlation function violates the
Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, confirming the non-classical character of the
correlations
Resonator-Aided Single-Atom Detection on a Microfabricated Chip
We use an optical cavity to detect single atoms magnetically trapped on an
atom chip. We implement the detection using both fluorescence into the cavity
and reduction in cavity transmission due to the presence of atoms. In
fluorescence, we register 2.0(2) photon counts per atom, which allows us to
detect single atoms with 75% efficiency in 250 microseconds. In absorption, we
measure transmission attenuation of 3.3(3)% per atom, which allows us to count
small numbers of atoms with a resolution of about 1 atom.Comment: 4.1 pages, 5 figures, and submitted to Physical Review Letter
Quantum network of neutral atom clocks
We propose a protocol for creating a fully entangled GHZ-type state of
neutral atoms in spatially separated optical atomic clocks. In our scheme,
local operations make use of the strong dipole-dipole interaction between
Rydberg excitations, which give rise to fast and reliable quantum operations
involving all atoms in the ensemble. The necessary entanglement between distant
ensembles is mediated by single-photon quantum channels and collectively
enhanced light-matter couplings. These techniques can be used to create the
recently proposed quantum clock network based on neutral atom optical clocks.
We specifically analyze a possible realization of this scheme using neutral Yb
ensembles.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure
Technologies for trapped-ion quantum information systems
Scaling-up from prototype systems to dense arrays of ions on chip, or vast
networks of ions connected by photonic channels, will require developing
entirely new technologies that combine miniaturized ion trapping systems with
devices to capture, transmit and detect light, while refining how ions are
confined and controlled. Building a cohesive ion system from such diverse parts
involves many challenges, including navigating materials incompatibilities and
undesired coupling between elements. Here, we review our recent efforts to
create scalable ion systems incorporating unconventional materials such as
graphene and indium tin oxide, integrating devices like optical fibers and
mirrors, and exploring alternative ion loading and trapping techniques.Comment: 19 pages, 18 figure
All-Optical Switch and Transistor Gated by One Stored Photon
The realization of an all-optical transistor where one 'gate' photon controls
a 'source' light beam, is a long-standing goal in optics. By stopping a light
pulse in an atomic ensemble contained inside an optical resonator, we realize a
device in which one stored gate photon controls the resonator transmission of
subsequently applied source photons. A weak gate pulse induces bimodal
transmission distribution, corresponding to zero and one gate photons. One
stored gate photon produces fivefold source attenuation, and can be retrieved
from the atomic ensemble after switching more than one source photon. Without
retrieval, one stored gate photon can switch several hundred source photons.
With improved storage and retrieval efficiency, our work may enable various new
applications, including photonic quantum gates, and deterministic multiphoton
entanglement.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures. Published in Science. Includes supplemental
informatio
Geographical Distribution of Elderly People in Croatia
The authors outlined the geographical distribution of individuals displaying longevity
in the Republic of Croatia. Elderly people, aged 80 years and older, have been the
subject of this study and were viewed in several aspects including the number of elderly
people and age-specific mortality rate by districts. Data for the years 1981 and 1991
were reviewed. In 1981 there were 73,052 (1.6%) persons aged 80 or older. Ten years
later in 1991 their number had increased to 107,256, which was 2.2% of the whole population.
Most of the elderly people live on the islands, in the district of Dubrovnik and in
Lika, which is in the continental part of Croatia. There are more women than men
among those aged 80 years and older. Age-specific mortality rate in 1981 in Croatia was
170 and in 1991 151 per 1,000 elderly people. In women the rate was 162 in 1981 and
141 in 1991, per 1,000 elderly people. The death rate was higher in men; in 1981 it was
201 and in 1991, 172 per 1,000 elderly people. We can see that the specific mortality rate
had fallen in 1991 compared to 1981. The age specific mortality rate varies from district
to district. In 1991 the lowest, 110 per 1,000, was in Lika, and the highest in the districts
of Vara`din (182 per 1,000), Bjelovar (178 per 1,000) and Zagorje (175 per 1,000). The
death rate was higher amongst elderly men (172.31 per 1,000) than elderly women
(141.65 per 1,000). The smallest number of those aged 80 years and older with a high
death rate is found in Slavonia. The opposite ā a high number of elderly people and a
low specific mortality rate ā can be seen in the district of Lika. On the islands the number
of elderly people is high, especially women, and surprisingly, the specific mortality
rate is relatively high as well
Patterns of regional diversity in political elites' attitudes
This chapter examines whether differences in attitudes toward the process of EU integration among members of political elites in various European countries are patterned and to what extent common regional, economic, political, and cultural characteristics of certain country groups influence these attitudes. Results show elites from Southern Europe to be the main proponents of further EU integration, while Eastern European elites are the most cautious. Variables with the strongest influence are economic development (measured by GDP per capita), the prevalent religious denomination (respondents from predominantly Protestant countries are less ready to support stronger EU integration than those from mostly Catholic countries), ethnic homogeneity (increasing level of homogeneity reduces elites' orientation towards stronger EU integration), and the existence of separatist experience (elites from countries with recent independence by secession are less oriented toward EU integration than those from countries without secession problems)
Preparation and Characterization of Some Sodium-, Rubidium-, Cesium- and Ammonium-Oxodiperoxooxalato-Molybdates (VI) and Tungstates (VI)
Potassium derivatives of oxodiperoxooxalato- molybdates and tungstates:
were prepared before1>2 studied by infrared Raman3 and X-ray methods4ā¢5 .The crystal structure of corresponding molybdate with literature survey was published recently4
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