17 research outputs found
СИНДРОМ ИСТОЩЕНИЯ ПРИ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ: КРИТЕРИИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ КОРРЕКЦИИ
The one of leading HIV infection manifestations is trophological insufficiency developing due to violation of digestion processes and leading to disease progress, development of multiple organ failure and lethal outcomes.The objective of research was to reveal the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with advanced stages of HIV infection and malnutrition, as well as the efficiency of nutritional support for this category of patients.Materials and methods. The study included 42 patients on the stage 4A-B HIV infection and underweight. All patients were on inpatient treatment in the department of palliative medicine of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center. Clinical-laboratory and instrumental measures were analyzed, the trophic status was estimated before the beginning of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The patients were divided in two groups. The first group received medical enteral nutrition (liquid mixture “Impact oral”). The second group received a regular balanced diet. At the same time, patients in both groups were prescribed ART in accordance with clinical guidelines.Results. A month after the start of treatment it was possible to analyze the results in the 1st group in 23 people and in 11 in the 2nd group. Comparative analysis showed that in the 1st group the distribution of the patients significantly changed according to the level of CD4 lymphocytes, BMI and nutritional status, with a markedly positive dynamics of these indicators. Also, patients of this group coped better with ART. Despite the fact that the analysis was conducted at the initial stages of the work, the obtained data demonstrate a high perspective of nutritional-metabolic therapy in the context of optimizing the HIV treatment in patients with a marked failure of the trophic status. Одним из ведущих проявлений ВИЧ-инфекции является трофологическая недостаточность, развивающаяся вследствие нарушения процессов пищеварения и приводящая, в свою очередь, к прогрессированию заболевания, развитию полиорганной недостаточности и летальным исходам.Целью работы явилось изучение клинико-лабораторной характеристики пациентов с продвинутыми стадиями ВИЧ-инфекции и недостаточным питанием, а также эффективности нутритивной поддержки данной категории пациентов.Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 42 больных ВИЧ-инфекцией 4А-В стадии и дефицитом массы тела. Все пациенты находились на стационарном лечении в отделении паллиативной медицины Санкт-Петербургского центра СПИД. Проанализированы клинико-лабораторные и инструментальные показатели, оценен трофологический статус перед началом антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ). Далее исследуемые были разделены на две группы. Первая группа находилась на лечебном энтеральном питании (жидкая смесь «Импакт орал»). Вторая группа получала обычное сбалансированное питание. Одновременно пациентам обеих групп назначалась АРТ в соответствии с клиническими рекомендациями.Результаты. Через месяц от начала лечения удалось проанализировать результаты в 1-й группе у 23 человек и у 11 – во 2-й группе. Сравнительный анализ показал, что в 1-й группе достоверно изменилось распределение больных по уровню CD4-лимфоцитов, ИМТ и трофологическому статусу, с выраженной положительной динамикой по этим показателям. Также пациенты данной группы лучше переносили прием АРТ. Несмотря на то, что анализ был проведен пока лишь на начальных этапах работы, полученные данные свидетельствуют о высокой перспективности нутритивно-метаболической терапии в рамках оптимизации лечения ВИЧ-инфекции у больных с выраженным нарушением трофологического статуса
THE TOUCH ANALYSIS IN AN ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF MAYONNAISE SAUCES WITH ADDITION OF A CAVIAR DZHUS
The sauces on the basis of vegetable oils and mayonnaise which are traditionally considered tasty, but not really useful at enrichment by functional additives can be used not only for flavoring decoration of various dishes and salads, but also for increase of their nutrition value. Dzhus received by production of salty granular caviar of a humpback salmon represents a full-fledged complex of the major food factors that can serve as motivation for its use when developing new food, including in the form of a proteinaceous and mineral additive for its additional introduction to compoundings of sauces. In view of existence of a fish smell of a caviar dzhus, it is possible to use it as natural fragrance by production of the wide range of fish products, including emulsion. For an assessment of quality of production, fast and simple the organoleptic (touch) method is very convenient. Various content of easily volatile organic compounds in an equilibrium gas phase over tests is established. Samples of a caviar dzhus among themselves and sauces with its addition differ. Distinctions are defined by amount of the brought ingredient. The intensity of a smell of tests determined by the content of easily volatile compounds on which the massif of sensors is adjusted differs. Sauces with an additive of a caviar dzhus have the greatest intensity of a smell in accordance with GOST at its small contents. In a figure form of "a visual print" of the maximum responses of all sensors in the massif distinctions in a chemical composition of an equilibrium gas phase over tests are established. Distinctions in qualitative and quantitative structure of RGF over samples with addition 1,5 and 2,0 of % of a dzhus significantly significant. It is established that addition (on TU and in accordance with GOST) in compoundings of sauces results more than 1% of a caviar dzhus in essential distinction as a part of RGF
Syndrome of depletion in HIV infection: diagnostic criteria and modern correction options
The one of leading HIV infection manifestations is trophological insufficiency developing due to violation of digestion processes and leading to disease progress, development of multiple organ failure and lethal outcomes.The objective of research was to reveal the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with advanced stages of HIV infection and malnutrition, as well as the efficiency of nutritional support for this category of patients.Materials and methods. The study included 42 patients on the stage 4A-B HIV infection and underweight. All patients were on inpatient treatment in the department of palliative medicine of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center. Clinical-laboratory and instrumental measures were analyzed, the trophic status was estimated before the beginning of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The patients were divided in two groups. The first group received medical enteral nutrition (liquid mixture “Impact oral”). The second group received a regular balanced diet. At the same time, patients in both groups were prescribed ART in accordance with clinical guidelines.Results. A month after the start of treatment it was possible to analyze the results in the 1st group in 23 people and in 11 in the 2nd group. Comparative analysis showed that in the 1st group the distribution of the patients significantly changed according to the level of CD4 lymphocytes, BMI and nutritional status, with a markedly positive dynamics of these indicators. Also, patients of this group coped better with ART. Despite the fact that the analysis was conducted at the initial stages of the work, the obtained data demonstrate a high perspective of nutritional-metabolic therapy in the context of optimizing the HIV treatment in patients with a marked failure of the trophic status
ОПАСНОСТЬ ИЛИ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ НОВОЙ ВОЛНЫ ЭПИДЕМИИ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ НА СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДЕ РФ
Based on the analysis of detection of new HIV cases in defined territories, the risk and possible causes of a new wave of HIV epidemic in the Northwest Region of Russia have been assessed. Materials and methods. Retrospective and ongoing analysis of HIV incidence using standard reporting forms and sentinel studies in certain groups of population. Results. With account of total HIV incidence and of parameters specific for defined groups of population, such as IDUs, MSMs, commercial sex workers, STD patients, and external and internal migrants, it is concluded that, following the first expressed wave of HIV infection at the turn of the centuries, a new slow rise in the rates of newly found HIV cases is observed primarily in Saint-Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast, and Murmansk and will be evident in 4 to 5 years in other territories. Starting from 2013, concern is being aroused by considerable increments in the numbers of HIV cases in Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Republic of Komi, and Kaliningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast. A part of these territories aligns to the subjects of the Russian Federation where the second wave of HIV infection takes place already. It is likely that a new wave of HIV spread in the Northwest of the Russian Federation is real rather than possible.На основании анализа выявления новых случаев ВИЧ-инфекции в отдельных территориях региона оценена опасность и вероятные причины развития второй волны эпидемии в Северо-Западном федеральном округе. Материалы и методы. Ретроспективный и текущий анализы заболеваемости по стандартным формам отчетности, а также данные дозорных исследований по отдельным группам населения на территории округа. Результаты исследования. Рассматривая общие данные заболеваемости и конкретные показатели по отдельным группам населения: потребители инъекционных наркотиков, мужчины, имеющие секс с мужчинами, работники коммерческого секса, больные инфекциями, передающимися половым путем, внутренние и внешние мигранты, авторы приходят к выводу, что после выраженной первой волны эпидемии на рубеже веков начался медленный подъем числа новых случаев в первую очередь в Санкт-Петербурге, Ленинградской и Мурманской областях, который через 4-5 лет продолжился на других территориях округа. Начиная с 2013 года, вызывает настороженность значительный прирост числа больных с ВИЧ в Архангельской области, в Республике Коми, Калининградской и Вологодской областях. Часть этих территорий граничит с субъектами РФ, где ранее началась вторая волна роста заболеваемости ВИЧ-инфекции. По-видимому, существует не только опасность, но и реальность новой волны распространения ВИЧ на Северо-Западе России