Probiotic growth in skin-like conditions

Although probiotics’ main known effects are in the digestive system, over the last years several benefits that come from their topical use, have been investigated. Several studies have reported beneficial effects on different skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, acne, eczema, psoriasis, wound healing, skin aging and reactive skin. Their main action is assigned to the inhibition of skin colonization by pathogens. In this work, the growths of three probiotic strains were evaluated in the presence of abiotic factors similar to those found in skin, namely, UV radiation, temperature, pH, NaCl and fatty acids. Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed increased growth under the pH of 6, but no differences in its growth were found for the various NaCl concentrations tested. Lactobacillus delbrueckii increased the number of bacterial cells in 88.8% when grown in 10 mM NaCl concentration, while Propioniferax innocua showed increased growth at 45 ℃. All tested probiotic bacteria were able to grow under skin-like conditions. However, L. rhamnosus was the probiotic that showed the best results. The results obtained in this study indicate that the used probiotics may be beneficial in the treatment of skin diseases, since they are able to successfully thrive in skin-like conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A systematic review of natural products for skin applications: targeting inflammation, wound healing, and photo-aging

Background: Every day the skin is constantly exposed to several harmful factors that induce oxidative stress. When the cells are incapable to maintain the balance between antioxidant defenses and reactive oxygen species, the skin no longer can keep its integrity and homeostasis. Chronic inflammation, premature skin aging, tissue damage, and immunosuppression are possible consequences induced by sustained exposure to environmental and endogenous reactive oxygen species. Skin immune and non-immune cells together with the microbiome are essential to efficiently trigger skin immune responses to stress. For this reason, an ever-increasing demand for novel molecules capable of modulating immune functions in the skin has risen the level of their development, particularly in the field of natural product-derived molecules. Purpose: In this review, we explore different classes of molecules that showed evidence in modulate skin immune responses, as well as their target receptors and signaling pathways. Moreover, we describe the role of polyphenols, polysaccharides, fatty acids, peptides, and probiotics as possible treatments for skin conditions, including wound healing, infection, inflammation, allergies, and premature skin aging. Methods: Literature was searched, analyzed, and collected using databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The search terms used included “Skin”, “wound healing”, “natural products”, “skin microbiome”, “immunomodulation”, “anti-inflammatory”, “antioxidant”, “infection”, “UV radiation”, “polyphenols”, “polysaccharides”, “fatty acids”, “plant oils”, “peptides”, “antimicrobial peptides”, “probiotics”, “atopic dermatitis”, “psoriasis”, “auto-immunity”, “dry skin”, “aging”, etc., and several combinations of these keywords. Results: Natural products offer different solutions as possible treatments for several skin conditions. Significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were reported, followed by the ability to modulate immune functions in the skin. Several membrane-bound immune receptors in the skin recognize diverse types of natural-derived molecules, promoting different immune responses that can improve skin conditions. Conclusion: Despite the increasing progress in drug discovery, several limiting factors need future clarification. Understanding the safety, biological activities, and precise mechanisms of action is a priority as well as the characterization of the active compounds responsible for that. This review provides directions for future studies in the development of new molecules with important pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical value.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Storage and lyophilization effects of extracts of Cynara cardunculus on the degradation of ovine and caprine caseins

Clotting and proteolytic activities are important parameters when evaluating rennets for cheesemaking. Both these activities were determined for extracts of the plant Cynara cardunculus in fresh form and after lyophilization followed by reconstitution, either in water or in citrate buffer (pH 5.4) and stored for up to 4 weeks at 4°C. The patterns of degradation of ovine and caprine caseins were followed by urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in attempts to qualitatively differentiate the activity of the enzyme extracts as storage time elapsed. Storage at 4°C significantly decreased the clotting power of the extracts but lyophilization retarded this decrease; β- and αs-casein breakdown generally increased with storage time, via patterns that depend on caseinate type and extract used, but lyophilized extracts reconstituted in citrate buffer were significantly less proteolytic than the other extracts. Therefore, it is suggested that lyophilized extracts (reconstituted with citrate buffer) of flowers of C. cardunculus be used rather than fresh extracts

Insights into the biocompatibility and biological potential of a chitosan nanoencapsulated textile dye

Traditionally synthetic textile dyes are hazardous and toxic compounds devoid of any biological activity. As nanoencapsulation of yellow everzol textile dye with chitosan has been shown to produce biocompatible nanoparticles which were still capable of dyeing textiles, this work aims to further characterize the biocompatibility of yellow everzol nanoparticles (NPs) and to ascertain if the produced nanoencapsulated dyes possess any biological activity against various skin pathogens in vitro assays and in a cell infection model. The results showed that the NPs had no deleterious effects on the HaCat cells’ metabolism and cell wall, contrary to the high toxicity of the dye. The biological activity evaluation showed that NPs had a significant antimicrobial activity, with low MICs (0.5–2 mg/mL) and MBCs (1–3 mg/mL) being registered. Additionally, NPs inhibited biofilm formation of all tested microorganisms (inhibitions between 30 and 87%) and biofilm quorum sensing. Lastly, the dye NPs were effective in managing MRSA infection of HaCat cells as they significantly reduced intracellular and extracellular bacterial counts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Characterization of Staphylococcus strains collected throughout the production chain of a Ewe’s milk cheese dairy plant

info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio