Temperature effects on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in 1N H3PO4 solution by methanolic extract of Euphorbia Falcata.L.

Efficiency of methanolic extract of Euphorbia Falcata.L (MEEF.L) as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1N H3PO4 medium was investigated in the present study. Weight loss data obtained at  different temperatures are used to evaluate inhibition efficiency (IE%) and thermodynamic parameters such as heat of adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface, change in free energy of the reaction (ΔG), corrosion rate and energy of activation for corrosion reaction of mild steel (Ea). Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm was plotted to verify the nature of adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface

Electrochemical studies of Carum Carvi plant as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M HCl solution

The application of Carum Carvi’s essential oil in a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) protection was investigated in 1 M HCl solution. Essential oil from Carum Carvi was obtained by Clevenger type water distillation. The major compounds in these essential oils was identified using gas chromatography-mass Spectrometry: Apiol dill (15,6%), Limonene (15,3%), Carvone (13,3 %) and p-Cymene (11,3%). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic measurements were used at various concentrations and temperatures. The oil acted  as  an efficient  inhibitor  against  the  carbon  steel  corrosion  in  1  M  HCl,  and  its  inhibition  efficiency  increased with  the  inhibitor  concentration  reaching  a  value  of  up  to  88%  at  3  g/L.  Polarization studies showed that the oil was a mixed-type inhibitor.  Adsorption  of  oil  on  the  steel  surface  in  1  M  HCl  solution followed  Langmuir’s  isotherm  and  the  thermodynamic  parameters  were  determined  and  discusse

Theoretical study of the formation of α-bromoglycidic esters in aliphatic series using the DFT quantum mechanical method with B3LYP/6-311G (d, p)

In the present work we used density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-311G (d, p) to describe the reaction between isopropyl dibromoacetate and isobutyraldehyde. We calculated the optimized geometry of the two reactants, the transition states and the products obtained. We determined the energies corresponding to the reactants and the products as well as electron density, isodensity surfaces of the HOMO and LUMO and the localization of the transition states, and calculated the electrophilic and nucleophilic character of the reactants, the condensed local softness and some thermodynamic quantities (enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy). We used natural population analysis (NPA) to determine Fukui indices, atomic electronic populations and reactivity indices. Finally, we analyzed the potential energy surface and studied the reaction mechanism.

Structural study, thermal and physical properties of K2O-CaO-P2O5 phosphate glasses

Glasses of 50P2O5-xCaO-(50-x)K2O  (x= 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mol %) compositions were synthesized using the melt-quench procedure. The amorphous character of the prepared material was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy are also carried out in order to determine the structural network evolution of the glassy materials with the composition. Besides, the physical properties of the glassy phosphate system were examined such as density and molar volume. The results showed that the increase of CaO content in phosphate glasses diminish the molar volume and raise the density and transition temperature. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analysis demonstrate the formation of P-O-Ca bonds that substitute P-O-K bonds and the depolymerization of the phosphate chains. The formation of P-O-Ca bonds is in accordance with variations of glass transition temperature, (Tg), molar volume (Vm) and density (ρ). The former bonds are the origin of the partial glass-forming ability of Ca2+. In addition, an analysis of the surface morphology features was conducted using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique

Effect of salinity and resistance induction using methyl jasmonate on growth and phytochemical properties of sea fennel

[SPA] El hinojo marino (Crithmum maritimum L.) es una halófita herbácea, aromática y comestible, que se produce naturalmente en las zonas costeras de la cuenca mediterránea. En este estudio, se ha evaluado el efecto de la salinidad y la inducción de resistencia mediante metiljasmonato (MeJa) en el crecimiento y las propiedades fitoquímicas (fenoles y flavonoides totales, capacidad antioxidante) del hinojo marino. Las plantas tratadas con MeJa mostraron valores similares de compuestos fenólicos que las plantas control, mientras que el tratamiento salino disminuyó significativamente su contenido en hojas. Respecto a los flavonoides, la salinidad y el MeJa aumentaron significativamente los valores respecto a los controles. La capacidad antioxidante no se vio afectada por ningún tratamiento. Los resultados muestran que el tratamiento con MeJa alivió los efectos negativos de la salinidad sobre el crecimiento sin afectar a la composición fitoquímica de la planta bajo estrés salino. [ENG] Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is an herbaceous aromatic and edible halophyte, naturally occurring in coastal areas of the Mediterranean basin. In this study, the effect of salinity and resistance induction using methyl jasmonate (MeJa) on the growth and phytochemical properties (phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity) of sea fennel was evaluated. The plants treated by MeJa showed similar values of phenolic compounds than the control plants, while the saline treatment significantly decreased its leaf content. Regarding flavonoids, salinity and MeJa significantly increased the values compared to the controls. The antioxidant capacity was not affected by any treatment. The results show that the treatment with MeJa alleviated the negative effects of salinity on growth without affecting the phytochemical composition of the plant under conditions of saline stress

Extension of the EU 'Traditional Herbal Medicine' concept to an oral transmission context: the case of the 5 anti-infectious medicinal plants most widely used in Burundi

peer reviewedIntroduction: In Burundi, five plants, namely Urtica massaica Mildbr., Mikania natalensis DC., Senecio maranguensis O. Hoffm., Justicia nyassana Lindau and Helichrysum congolanum Schltr. & O. Foffm., are widely cited for the treatment of "diseases compatible with a microbial infection" i.e. probably infectious diseases. In view to derive a regional concept of plausible activity and safety, akin to the European Union notion of "Traditional Herbal Medicine", the present work aims to compare the local knowledge and uses of these five popular anti-infectious plants, including eventual recommendations and interdicts. Materials and Methods: A survey was carried out among 43 traditional healers from different regions of Burundi, including the city of Bujumbura, to fully repertory the uses of these five medicinal plants and define consensus in their uses through their fidelity levels and use values for each cited disease. Phytochemical analyses of these plants allowed to identify their main classes of secondary metabolites. Results: From their fidelity levels, the studied plants appear extensively reported for infectious diseases, except for U. massaica, that is mainly used in inflammatory conditions. M. natalensis has the highest use value for the treatment of skin diseases (use value, 1.65), digestive tract disorders (1.07) and gastrointestinal infections (0.51); U. massaica for inflammation (1.07), digestive tract (0.51) and metabolic disorders (0.42); J. nyassana for gastrointestinal infections (2.00), skin diseases (0.81) and circulatory system disorders (0.51); S. maranguensis (2.60) and H. congolanum (2.49) for skin diseases. Conclusions: Interviews are a quite interesting survey method to apprehend usages of herbal drugs, but the information on their efficacy, side effects and interdicts is particularly difficult to obtain. In the absence of clinical trial data, the marked convergence of some usages nevertheless indicates a plausibility of efficacy and safety, coherent with the EU concept of "Traditional Herbal Medicine", which point to possible rational recommendations of treatments. There however remains a need for a strategy to obtain reliable safety information and to legally define whether a given use can be considered as "traditional".3. Good health and well-bein

Knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to the presence, transmission, impact, and control of cystic echinococcosis in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco

BACKGROUND: This study is a component of a large research project on five major neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) including cystic echinococcosis and was undertaken in the Province of Sidi Kacem over a period of four years (April 2009-March 2013). METHODS: Questionnaires were administered at community level in a total of 27 communes and visits were made to all of the 10 abattoirs situated in the Province, to collect qualitative data on determinants of transmission for disease in humans and animals. More specifically, community knowledge, attitudes and practices related to cystic echinococcosis were assessed, as well as the extent to which local customs and behaviours may promote transmission. Abattoir infrastructure and practices, and their role in perpetuating disease transmission were also critically evaluated. RESULTS: The results show that only 50 % of people have heard of the disease, and of those, only 21 % are aware of the dog’s role in disease transmission. Sixty-seven per cent of respondents stated that dogs are fed ruminant organs deemed unfit for human consumption. Owned dogs have access to the family home, including the kitchen, in 39 % of households. The extent of this close proximity between humans and animals is even more pertinent when one considers that dogs are omnipresent in the community, with an average of 1.8 dogs owned per household. The unrestricted access of dogs to abattoirs is a huge issue, which further promotes disease transmission. CONCLUSION: This study would suggest that the high prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals in Morocco is largely due to three factors: 1) abundance of dogs 2) engagement in risky behaviour of the local population and 3) poor abattoir infrastructure and practices. This has serious implications in terms of the socio-economic impact of the disease, especially for rural poor communities. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-015-0082-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Chemical Additives for Corrosion Control in Desalination Plants

The addition of chemical additives has been considered as a standard operation in water treatment systems. This chapter discusses the chemical additives used for the control of corrosion in desalination systems. Specifically, corrosion inhibitors for various metallurgies, biocides, and oxygen scavengers are covered. The pros and cons of the additive chemicals have been highlighted. The need to utilize green corrosion inhibitors based on plants and ionic liquids materials have been emphasized. This class of materials are environmentally friendly, cheap, and readily available

Magnetic properties in ferroelectric superlattices described by a transverse spin-1/2 Ising model

The temperature dependence of the longitudinal magnetization as well as the longitudinal susceptibility of a ferroelectric superlattice described by a transverse spin-1/2 Ising model are studied using the effective field theory with a probability distribution technique that accounts for the self-spin correlations. When the slab thicknesses are larger, the temperature dependence of the magnetization shows a steplike structure. The susceptibility becomes infinite at the critical temperature T-c and shows a finite peak corresponding to the rapid decrease in the magnetization near the bulk critical temperature of slab B. The height of the finite peak decreases with the decrease in the slab thicknesses. When they become so thin that the magnetization profiles are predominantly controlled by the interface, the finite peak in the susceptibility as well as the steps in magnetization disappear. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved