USE OF SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS OF UKRAINIAN ESTUARIES

The article describes that many countries throughout the world share similar concerns about sediment management. Scientists in several countries have developed a variety of methods for evaluating the de-gree to which sediment-associated chemicals might adversely affect aquatic organisms. The results of ex-periment where consensus approach was used for sediments assessment of Dnieper and Buh estuary and Danube estuary in Ukraine are presented in article

Long-term stability in the vocal duets of the endangered Siberian Crane Leucogeranus leucogeranus

Vocal-based monitoring is increasingly being used as a non-invasive method for identifying individuals within avian populations and is promising for the Siberian Crane, Leucogeranus leucogeranus. This is a poorly studied, long-lived, secretive and critically endangered bird species that breeds in the Arctic tundra of western and eastern regions of Siberia. We assessed between- and within-year stability of individual-specific vocal features in duets of Siberian Crane and tested the effect of pair-mate change on their stability. Previous findings showed that duets are specific to different pairs of birds; however, it is still unknown how long pair-specific traits of duets remain and if they change in the course of a year or when birds re-mate. We recorded duets of 15 reproductively active pairs in the Oka Crane Breeding Centre in 2003–2006 and 2013–2017. We found that pair-specific vocal signatures remained stable both within the year and across ~ 10 years. After a change of mate, most of the variables we measured in the call did not change in any of the birds. Our data suggest that the stability of the individually specific vocal features may enable Siberian Cranes to be reliably identified by their duets over the birds’ lifetime. We believe that our work can increase confidence in the use of acoustic recognition techniques for endangered crane monitoring programs. Our results also suggest that Siberian Cranes may use their duets to form long-term social bonds between neighbours

Voice breaking and its relation to body mass and testosterone level in the Siberian Crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus)

Vocal development of cranes (Gruidae) has attracted scientifc interest due to its special stage, voice breaking. During voice breaking, chicks of diferent crane species produce calls with two fundamental frequencies that correspond to those in adult low-frequency and juvenile high-frequency vocalizations. However, triggers that afect voice breaking in cranes are mainly unknown. Here we studied the voice breaking in the Siberian Crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) and test its relation to the body mass and testosterone level. We analyzed 5846 calls, 39 body mass measurements and 60 blood samples from 11 Siberian Crane chicks in 8 ages from 2.5 to 18 months of life together with 90 body mass measurements and 61 blood samples from 24 Siberian Crane adults. The individual duration of voice breaking and dates of its onset, culmination and completion depended neither on the body mass nor on the testosterone level at various ages. But we found correlation between the testosterone level and mean deltas of percentages of the high and low frequency components in Siberian Crane calls between the closest recording sessions. We also observed some coincidence in time between the mean dates of voice breaking onset and the termination of body mass gain (at 7.5 months of age), and between the mean dates of voice breaking completion and the start of a new breeding season. Similar relations have been shown previously for some other crane species. We also showed for the frst time that the mean dates of voice breaking culmination correlated with the signifcant increase of the testosterone level (at 10.5 months of age). So, we suggest that voice breaking in cranes may be triggered by the end of chicks’ body growth, is stimulated by the increase of testosterone level and ends soon after adult cranes stop taking care of their chicks

Післяопераційний рефлюкс-гастрит у хворих, оперованих з приводу пер-форативної виразки

Problem statement and analysis of recent researches and publications. To date, reflux gastritis is the least studied complication of the postoperative period of patients operated on perforated pyloroduodenal ulcer.The purpose of the work is to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with perforated ulcers.Materials and methods. We have operated 204 patients with perforated ulcers in the period from 2005 to 2015. The patients performed organ-saving operations in combination with one of the types of vagotomy, as well as the excision of the ulcerous substrate with one type of pyloroplastyс without vagotomy and perforation of the perforation, both from the traditional access and the laparoscopic.Research results and their discussion. When throwing duodenal contents into the stomach, it interacts with the contents of the stomach to form free ions of hydrogen H +, which in turn leads to a sharp increase in acidity in this area. In the future, the reverse perfusion of H + ions occurs in the mucous membrane. In patients with reflux of degree II revealed plane erosion and erosion of mixed type, the rest of the patients noted the presence of small-color erosion. Patients with recurrent peptic ulcer had a reflux II-III degree. The analysis of the causes of recurrence of peptic ulcer and the development of esophagogastroduodenitis showed that these diseases develop not only against the background of increased acid production due to incomplete vagotomy in 2 (1.9%) patients, but also with normal acid production in 3 (2.9%) patients.Conclusion: The reflux of duodenal contents in the stomach cavity is a trigger point both in the development of recurrence of peptic ulcer and erosive gastroduodenitis. The most effective measure aimed at its prevention is the preservation of the locking function of pyloric pulp during surgery. All patients who have undergone pylorus-destroying surgery should from the first day prescribe drugs that normalize the stomach and duodenal motility. In the presence of contraindications, taking into account the intraoperative pH greater than 2,0 and the expression of the antigen Ki-67 of more than 20%, it is recommended to suture the perforated ulcer with laparoscopic or laparotomic access without vagotomy, followed by therapy with proton pump blockers.Постановка проблемы и анализ последних исследований и публикаций. К настоящему времени рефлюкс-гастрит - наименее изученное осложнения послеоперационного периода больных, оперированных по поводу перфоративной пилородуоденальной язвы.Цель работы - улучшение результатов хирургического лечения больных, оперированных по поводу перфоративной язвы.Материалы и методы. Нами прооперировано 204 больных по поводу перфоративной язвы в период с 2005 по 2015 годы. Пациентам выполнялись органосохраняющие операции в сочетании с одним из видов ваготомии, а также иссечение язвенного субстрата с одним из видов пилоропластики без ваготомии и ушивание перфоративной отверстия, как из традиционного доступа, так и лапароскопически.Результаты и их обсуждение. При забросе дуоденального содержимого в желудок происходит его взаимодействие с содержимым желудка с образованием свободных ионов водорода Н +, в свою очередь приводит к резкому повышению кислотности в этой зоне. В дальнейшем происходит обратная перфузия ионов Н + в слизистую оболочку. У больных с рефлюксом II степени выявлено плоскостные эрозии и эрозии смешанного типа, у остальных больных отмечалось наличие мелкоточечных эрозий. У больных с рецидивом язвенной болезни был рефлюкс II-III степени. Анализ причин рецидива язвенной болезни и развития езофагогастродуоденита показал, что эти заболевания развиваются не только на фоне повышенной кислотопродукции вследствие неполной ваготомии у 2 (1,9%) больных, но и при нормальной кислотопродукции у 3 (2,9%) больных.Выводы: рефлюкс дуоденального содержимого в полость желудка является пусковым моментом, как в рецидива язвенной болезни, так и эрозивного гастродуоденита. Наиболее действенной мерой направленным на его профилактику является сохранение замыкательной функции пилорического жома во время операции. Всем больным, перенесшим пилорусруйнуючу операцию, следует с первого дня назначать препараты, нормализующие моторику желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки. При наличии противопоказаний с учетом интраоперационного pH выше 2,0 и экспрессии антигена Кі-67 более 20% можно рекомендовать ушивание перфоративной язвы с лапароскопического или лапаротомной доступов без ваготомии с последующей терапией бло-торе протонной помпы.Постановка проблеми і аналіз останніх досліджень та публікацій. До теперішнього часу рефлюкс-гастрит - найменш вивчене ускладнення післяопераційного періоду хворих, оперованих з приводу перфоративної пілородуоденальної виразки.Мета роботи – покращення результатів хірургічного лікування хворих, оперованих з приводу перфоративної виразки.Матеріали та методи. Нами прооперовано 204 хворих із приводу перфоративної виразки в період з 2005 по 2015 роки. Пацієнтам виконувались органозберігаючі операції у поєднанні з одним із видів ваготомії, а також висічення виразкового субстрату з одним з видів пілоропластики без ваготомії та ушивання перфоративного отвору, як із традиційного доступу, так і лапароскопічно.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При закиданні дуоденального вмісту в шлунок відбувається його взаємодія з вмістом шлунку з утворенням вільних іонів водню Н+, що в свою чергу призводить до різкого підвищення кислотності в цій зоні. Надалі відбувається зворотна перфузія іонів Н + в слизову оболонку. У хворих з рефлюксом II ступеня виявлено площинні ерозії і ерозії змішаного типу, у решти хворих зазначалося наявність дрібнокрапкових ерозій. У хворих з рецидивом виразкової хвороби був рефлюкс II-III ступеня. Аналіз причин рецидиву виразкової хвороби і розвитку езофагогастродуоденіту показав, що ці захворювання розвиваються не тільки на тлі підвищеної кислотопродукції внаслідок неповної  ваготомії у 2 (1,9%) хворих, а й при нормальній кислотопродукції у 3 (2,9%) хворих.Висновки: Рефлюкс дуоденального вмісту в порожнину шлунка є пусковим моментом як у розвитку рецидиву виразкової хвороби, так і ерозивного гастродуоденіту. Найбільш дієвим заходом спрямованим на його профілактику є збереження замикальних функції пілоричного жому під час операції. Всім хворим, які перенесли пілорусруйнуючу операцію, слід з першої доби призначати препарати, які нормалізують моторику шлунку і дванадцятипалої кишки. При наявності протипоказань з урахуванням інтраопераційного pH вище 2,0 та експресії антигену Кі-67 більше 20% можна рекомендувати ушивання перфоративної виразки з лапароскопічного або лапаротомного доступів без ваготомії з подальшою терапією блокаторами протонної помпи

CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GASTRITIS IN EVENKIA SCHOOLCHILDREN OF ETHNIC POPULATIONS

The article presents the data on the prevalence and clinical and. morphological characteristics of gastritis in Evenkia children. We examined. 299 native children — the Evenks (the Mongoloids) and. 1204 alien children (the Caucasians) of 7—17 years. We found, the increase of gastritis prevalence and. its progressive course in the Caucasians. In both ethnic populations we marked, the association, of gastritis with. Helicobacter fylori. At the same time erosive-ulcer lesions of mucous tunic in gastroduodenal area was diagnosed, in the Evenks two times less frequent than in the Caucasians. Besides, the infection in the Evenks was accompanied, by weaker stage of gastritis activity

Electromagnetic dissociation of relativistic 8^8B nuclei in nuclear track emulsion

Experimental data on fragmentation channels in peripheral interactions of $^8$B nuclei in nuclear track emulsions are presented. A detailed analysis made it possible to justify selections of events of the electromagnetic-dissociation process $^8$B $\to^7$Be + \emph{p} and to estimate its cross section. Events of $^{10}$C peripheral dissociation that were observed in the same exposure are described.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, Published in Phys.Atom.Nucl.72:690-701,200

The opposite association of HRAS and KRAS mutations with clinical variables of bladder cancer

HRAS, KRAS and NRAS gene products belong to the superfamily of small GTPases. These proteins regulate cellular response to extracellular stimuli by means of activation of different signaling pathways. Although the role of RAS gene mutations in the pathogenesis of various human cancers has been established, the clinical significance of these molecular alterations in bladder cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of HRAS, KRAS and NRAS mutations, to analyze their relationships with clinicopathological variables and to determine the prognostic value of these alterations in terms of recurrence, progression and mortality, in a prospective cohort of 249 bladder cancer patients. The frequency of RAS mutations detected by the SNaPshot method, was found to be 11.2 %, of which HRAS mutations accounted for 64.3 %, KRAS, for 28.6 % and NRAS, for 7.1 %. We failed to find any correlation between all RAS mutations and pathomorphological characteristics. However, when analyzed separately, HRAS and KRAS mutations were for the first time shown to be associated with the opposite clinical parameters of bladder cancer: HRAS mutations were significantly associated with low-stage low-grade papillary tumors of a small size (р < 0.05), whereas KRAS mutations were associated with non-papillary urothelial carcinomas and the presence of metastasis (р < 0.05). Analysis of the prognostic value of molecular alterations revealed an association of KRAS mutations with decreased cancer-specific survival in both the whole group of patients and the subgroup with non-muscle invasive disease. The data obtained suggest that HRAS and KRAS gene mutations may characterize alternative pathways of bladder cancer pathogenesis: HRAS mutations indicating benign and KRAS mutations, aggressive disease course

Fragmentation of relativistic nuclei in peripheral interactions in nuclear track emulsion

The technique of nuclear track emulsions is used to explore the fragmentation of light relativistic nuclei down to the most peripheral interactions - nuclear "white" stars. A complete pattern of therelativistic dissociation of a $^8$B nucleus with target fragment accompaniment is presented. Relativistic dissociation $^{9}$Be$\to2\alpha$ is explored using significant statistics and a relative contribution of $^{8}$Be decays from 0$^+$ and 2$^+$ states is established. Target fragment accompaniments are shown for relativistic fragmentation $^{14}$N$\to$3He+H and $^{22}$Ne$\to$5He. The leading role of the electromagnetic dissociation on heavy nuclei with respect to break-ups on target protons is demonstrated in all these cases. It is possible to conclude that the peripheral dissociation of relativistic nuclei in nuclear track emulsion is a unique tool to study many-body systems composed of lightest nuclei and nucleons in the energy scale relevant for nuclear astrophysics.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, conference: Relativistic nuclear physics: from Nuclotron to LHC energies, Kiev, June 18-22, 200

Features of physical development of schoolchildren in the conditions of specialized training

The article presents a comparative analysis of physical development of 13-year-olds and cadet basic profile of teaching in urban schools in the parameters of somatometry and visiometry characterizing physical development, functional state, adaptation of the heart and body to current training loads. Coming of puberty is marked by intense growth of the body with heterochronous changes in the proportions and dimensions of its muscular skeletal system and the structure of internal organs. During this period, the role of mechanisms for self-regulation of heart activity and, in general, autonomous regulation of the functions of the cardiovascular system increase