Comparison of the craniometric parameters of wild and farm American mink (Mustela vison)

Skulls of 65 American minks from the West Pomeranian Province were examined (farm: n = 33, male: n = 16, female: n = 17; wild: n = 32, male: n = 20, female: n = 12). Craniometric parameters in the number of 24 were determined and measured on each skull. Results were averaged and compared, maintaining the division into sex groups. Males were found to have statistically significant differences between wild and farm animals in 20 parameters; measurements showing no statistically significant differences were: nasal length, postorbital constriction, brain case height and greatest height of the mandibular body. Females were found to have statistically significant differences between wild and farm animals in 6 parameters: condylobasal length, tooth row length, greatest length of the mandible, brain case basis length, postorbital length and palatal length. The percentage conversion of measurements into the greatest length of the skull showed differences in its proportions. Among male skulls, the parameters for which the ratio of differences was more than 2% were palatal length, zygomatic breadth and brain case height. For female skulls, no craniometric parameters showed differences in the skull proportions being greater than 2%. The occurrence of measurable changes in the craniometric parameters between domestic and farm mink populations may indicate that the domestication process is still ongoing and allows distinguishing the population affiliation of an individual specimen.

LAPORAN INDIVIDU PRAKTEK PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN(PPL) SMA NEGERI 1 MINGGIR Alamat: Pakeran, Sendangmulyo, Minggir, Sleman

Salah satu mata kuliah yang wajib ditempuh oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Kependidikan adalah Praktek Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL). Salah satu tujuan dari Praktek Pengalaman Lapangan ini adalah sebagai wadah bagi mahasiswa kependidikan untuk mengaplikasikan ilmu yang telah diperoleh di bangku perkuliahan. Pelaksanaan PPL tentunya sangat membantu mahasiswa dalam mempersiapkan diri di dunia kerja, hal tersebut dikarenakan PPL sendiri mampu menyiapkan dan menghasilkan tenaga kependidikan (guru) yang memiliki nilai, sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan secara profesional. Salah satu lokasi yang digunakan oleh Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dalam pelaksanaan PPL kali ini adalah di SMA Negeri 1 Minggir, dengan masa PPL selama dua bulan terhitung sejak tanggal 15 Juli sampai dengan 15 September 2016. Kegiatan pelaksanaan PPL diawali dengan observasi ke sekolah guna melihat bagaimana kondisi sekolah yang akan digunakan untuk praktek. Setelah mengetahui kondisi awal kelas dan kurikulum yang akan digunakan di tahun ajaran berikutnya, peserta PPL melanjutkan kegiatan Micro teaching di kampus selama satu semester penuh guna mempersiapkan diri di lapangan nantinya. Selain itu, pembuatan perangkat pembelajaran hingga evaluasi pembelajaran juga dipersiapkan guna memperlancar kegiatan PPL. Pelaksanaan PPL kali ini mendapat kesempatan untuk melakukan kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas X MIPA 2, X IPS 1, dan X IPS 2. Kurikulum yang digunakan oleh ketiga kelas ini adalah Kurikulum 2013 Revisi sehingga penyusunan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan perangkat lainnya disesuaikan berdasarkan kurikulum. Proses pembelajaran selama praktek mengajar kali ini menggunakan beberapa metode pembelajaran, yaitu: Make a Match, Ceramah, dan diskusi kelompok. Selain itu, media pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah kartu soal dan jawab, TTS, potongan koran, dan Power Point. Dalam proses pembelajaran, setiap minggu siswa mendapatkan pelajaran sosiologi sebanyak 3 jam pelajaran dengan dua kali tatap muka dalam seminggu. Mahasiswa praktekkan ini mendapatkan kesempatan mengajar selama 4 minggu efektif dengan satu kali pertemuan ulangan di masing-masing kelas. Kegiatan PPL menghasilkan beberapa hal, yaitu pengalaman nyata mengenai bagaimana cara membuat dan menyusun perangkat pembelajaran, cara pengelolaan kelas, serta bagaimana proses pembelajaran yang sesungguhnya

Social influence matters: We follow pandemic guidelines most when our close circle does

Why do we adopt new rules, such as social distancing? Although human sciences research stresses the key role of social influence in behaviour change, most COVID-19 campaigns emphasize the disease’s medical threat. In a global data set (n = 6,674), we investigated how social influences predict people’s adherence to distancing rules during the pandemic. Bayesian regression analyses controlling for stringency of local measures showed that people distanced most when they thought their close social circle did. Such social influence mattered more than people thinking distancing was the right thing to do. People’s adherence also aligned with their fellow citizens, but only if they felt deeply bonded with their country. Self-vulnerability to the disease predicted distancing more for people with larger social circles. Collective efficacy and collectivism also significantly predicted distancing. To achieve behavioural change during crises, policymakers must emphasize shared values and harness the social influence of close friends and family

PARAMETROS FISICOS Y QUIMICOS QUE INFLUYEN SOBRE LA APTITUD DE UN SITIO DESTINADO A LA DISPOSICION DE RESIDUOS MUNICIPALES

RESUMEN En un terreno considerado para tiradero controlado se determinaron parámetros fisicoquímicos; porosidad, textura C.I.C., pH y contenido salino como características que influyen en la permeabilidad del medio subyacente, y por ende en la atenuación de sustancias que pueden afectar al agua subterránea. Este terreno se le identificó como Solonack y Solonetz con drenaje imperfecto, ubicado en una zona baja y próximo al mar, mostrando un contenido salino importante en las fuentes muestreadas; su textura proporciona porosidades mayores de 20% en el 50% del terreno. Al hacer la correlación con la Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico, el tipo de arcilla y el extracto de saturación se considera que las características del terreno permitirá que éste pueda administrarse con mínimo riesgo de contaminación siempre y cuando los residuos requieran un tratamiento y manejo de acuerdo a los mismos. INTRODUCCION Al ser considerado al suelo como cuerpo natural las características físico -químicas como la textura, porosidad, pH, conductividad eléctrica, Capacidad de Intercambio Cationico toman mayor importancia. La textura forma parte de la fase sólida del suelo y se refiere a los separados de limo, arena y arcilla contenida en él. La proporción de estos componentes afecta el movimiento y el almacenamiento de agua en el suelo (Baver 1988, Personal de laboratorio de los E.U. 1973) situación que puede presentarse de igual manera para fluidos similares. La clasificación se basa generalmente en el tamaño de las partículas menores de 2 mm de diámetro. La porosidad varia con el tipo y tamaño de las partículas que lo conforman, se expresa por la relación entre el volumen de su parte vacía u ocupada por aire y/o agua y su volumen total; en general las partículas de menor diámetro tendrán mayor porosidad, y los suelos con mayor porosidad presentan una menor permeabilidad, a menos que el arreglo de los poros sea adecuado o existan fracturas en ellos, aunque esta no es una medida estricta de la permeabilidad (Cepeda 1991, Coras 19878). La concentración de sales, la turbiedad, pH, C.I.C. del fluido son denominados factores extrínsecos cuya influencia se refleja en la permeabilidad del suelo. La turbidez disminuye con el tiempo la permeabilidad y la intensidad de infiltración. La concentración de sales produce una floculación o defloculación con los coloides del suelo, por lo tanto puede disminuir o aumentar la permeabilida

Essential role of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 in cardiac development and function.

The beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (beta ARK1) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family that mediates the agonist-dependent phosphorylation and desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors. We have cloned and disrupted the beta ARK1 gene in mice by homologous recombination. No homozygote beta ARK1-/- embryos survive beyond gestational day 15.5. Prior to gestational day 15.5, beta ARK1-/- embryos display pronounced hypoplasia of the ventricular myocardium essentially identical to the "thin myocardium syndrome" observed upon gene inactivation of several transcription factors (RXR alpha, N-myc, TEF-1, WT-1). Lethality in beta ARK1-/- embryos is likely due to heart failure as they exhibit a > 70% decrease in cardiac ejection fraction determined by direct in utero intravital microscopy. These results along with the virtual absence of endogenous GRK activity in beta ARK1-/- embryos demonstrate that beta ARK1 appears to be the predominant GRK in early embryogenesis and that it plays a fundamental role in cardiac development

Norovirus infections in children under 5 years of age hospitalized due to the acute viral gastroenteritis in northeastern Poland

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and seasonality of norovirus infection in hospitalized Polish children under 5 years of age, and a secondary aim was to compare the clinical severity of norovirus and rotavirus disease. The prospective surveillance study was carried out from July 2009 through June 2010. Stool samples from 242 children hospitalized due to acute viral gastroenteritis were tested for rotavirus group A and adenovirus with commercial immunochromatographic test and for norovirus with EIA assay. Single norovirus infection was found in 35/242 (14.5%) patients and in a further 5 (2.1%) children as co-infection with rotavirus. Overall, norovirus was detected in 16.5% of stool specimens. Norovirus infections tended to peak from October to November and again from February to March. In autumn months and in February, the proportion of norovirus gastroenteritis cases was equal or even surpassed those of rotavirus origin. Both norovirus and rotavirus infections most commonly affected children between 12 and 23 months of age. The low-grade or no fever was significantly more common in children infected with norovirus (94.3%) compared to rotavirus cases (52.9%). Overall, norovirus gastroenteritis was less severe than rotavirus disease with regard to 20-point severity scale (p < 0.05). Noroviruses have emerged as a relevant cause of acute gastroenteritis in Polish children. There is a great need for introducing routine norovirus testing of hospitalized children with gastroenteritis

Distinct requirements for extra-embryonic and embryonic bone morphogenetic protein 4 in the formation of the node and primitive streak and coordination of left-right asymmetry in the mouse

In the mouse and chick embryo, the node plays a central role in generating left-right (LR) positional information. Using several different strategies, we provide evidence in the mouse that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) is required independently in two different sites for node morphogenesis and for LR patterning. Bmp4 expression in the trophoblast-derived extra-embryonic ectoderm is essential for the normal formation of the node and primitive streak. However, tetraploid chimera analysis demonstrates that Bmp4 made in epiblast-derived tissues is required for robust LR patterning, even when normal node morphology is restored. In the absence of embryonic Bmp4, the expression of left-side determinants such as Nodal and Lefty2 is absent in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Noggin-mediated inhibition of Bmp activity in cultured wild-type embryos results in suppression of Nodal expression in the LPM. Thus, unlike previous models proposed in the chick embryo in which Bmp4 suppresses left-sided gene expression, our results suggest that Bmp acts as a positive facilitator of the left-sided molecular cascade and is required for Nodal induction and maintenance in the left LPM