3,256 research outputs found
Thermalization at intermediate coupling
We use the AdS/CFT conjecture to investigate the thermalization of large-N_c
N=4 Super Yang-Mills plasma in the limit of large but finite 't Hooft coupling.
On the gravity side, we supplement the type IIB supergravity action by the full
set of O(\alpha'^3) operators, which enables us to derive O(\lambda^{-3/2})
corrections to the emission spectrum of prompt photons in one model of
holographic thermalization. Decreasing the coupling strength from the
\lambda=\infty limit, we observe a qualitative change in the way the photon
spectral density approaches its thermal limit as a function of the photon
energy. We interpret this behavior as a sign of the thermalization pattern of
the plasma shifting from top/down towards bottom/up.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor corrections, added reference
A variable neurodegenerative phenotype with polymerase gamma mutation
mtDNA replication and repair, causes mitochondrial diseases including autosomal dominant
progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO),1 childhood hepato-encephalopathy (Alpersâ
Huttenlocher syndrome), adult-onset spinocerebellar ataxia, and sensory nerve degeneration with
dysarthria and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO)
Hybridization gap and anisotropic far-infrared optical conductivity of URu2Si2
We performed far-infrared optical spectroscopy measurements on the heavy
fermion compound URu 2 Si 2 as a function of temperature. The light's
electric-field was applied along the a-axis or the c-axis of the tetragonal
structure. We show that in addition to a pronounced anisotropy, the optical
conductivity exhibits for both axis a partial suppression of spectral weight
around 12 meV and below 30 K. We attribute these observations to a change in
the bandstructure below 30 K. However, since these changes have no noticeable
impact on the entropy nor on the DC transport properties, we suggest that this
is a crossover phenomenon rather than a thermodynamic phase transition.Comment: To be published in Physical Review
Pion-nucleus optical potential valid up to the DELTA-resonance region
We present in this article an optical potential for the -nucleus
interaction that can be used in various studies involving -nucleus
channels. Based on earlier treatments of the low energy -nucleus optical
potential, we have derived a potential expression applicable from threshold up
to the -resonance region. We extracted the impulse approximation form
for this potential from the scattering amplitude and then added to it
kinematical and physical corrections. The kinematic corrections arise from
transforming the impulse approximation expression from the center of
mass frame to the -nucleus center of mass frame, while the physical
corrections arise mostly from the many-body nature of the -nucleus
interaction. By taking advantage of the experimental progress in our knowledge
of the process, we have updated earlier treatments with parameters
calculated from state-of-the-art experimental measurements.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review
RHO-1 and the Rho GEF RHGF-1 interact with UNC-6/Netrin signaling to regulate growth cone protrusion and microtubule organization in Caenorhabditis elegans
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.UNC-6/Netrin is a conserved axon guidance cue that directs growth cone migrations in the dorsal-ventral axis of C. elegans and in the vertebrate spinal cord. UNC-6/Netrin is expressed in ventral cells, and growth cones migrate ventrally toward or dorsally away from UNC-6/Netrin. Recent studies of growth cone behavior during outgrowth in vivo in C. elegans have led to a polarity/protrusion model in directed growth cone migration away from UNC-6/Netrin. In this model, UNC-6/Netrin first polarizes the growth cone via the UNC-5 receptor, leading to dorsally biased protrusion and F-actin accumulation. UNC-6/Netrin then regulates protrusion based on this polarity. The receptor UNC-40/DCC drives protrusion dorsally, away from the UNC-6/Netrin source, and the UNC-5 receptor inhibits protrusion ventrally, near the UNC-6/Netrin source, resulting in dorsal migration. UNC-5 inhibits protrusion in part by excluding microtubules from the growth cone, which are pro-protrusive. Here we report that the RHO-1/RhoA GTPase and its activator GEF RHGF-1 inhibit growth cone protrusion and MT accumulation in growth cones, similar to UNC-5. However, growth cone polarity of protrusion and F-actin were unaffected by RHO-1 and RHGF-1. Thus, RHO-1 signaling acts specifically as a negative regulator of protrusion and MT accumulation, and not polarity. Genetic interactions are consistent with RHO-1 and RHGF-1 acting with UNC-5, as well as with a parallel pathway, to regulate protrusion. The cytoskeletal interacting molecule UNC-33/CRMP was required for RHO-1 activity to inhibit MT accumulation, suggesting that UNC-33/CRMP might act downstream of RHO-1. In sum, these studies describe a new role of RHO-1 and RHGF-1 in regulation of growth cone protrusion by UNC-6/Netrin.NIH R01NS040945NIH R56NS095682NIH P20GM103638NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440)NIH GM103418University of Kansas Center for Undergraduate Researc
Flavin monooxygenases regulate Caenorhabditis elegans axon guidance and growth cone protrusion with UNC-6/Netrin signaling and Rac GTPases
The guidance cue UNC-6/Netrin regulates both attractive and repulsive axon guidance. Our previous work showed that in C. elegans, the attractive UNC-6/Netrin receptor UNC-40/DCC stimulates growth cone protrusion, and that the repulsive receptor, an UNC-5:UNC-40 heterodimer, inhibits growth cone protrusion. We have also shown that inhibition of growth cone protrusion downstream of the UNC-5:UNC-40 repulsive receptor involves Rac GTPases, the Rac GTP exchange factor UNC-73/Trio, and the cytoskeletal regulator UNC-33/CRMP, which mediates Semaphorin-induced growth cone collapse in other systems. The multidomain flavoprotein monooxygenase (FMO) MICAL (Molecule Interacting with CasL) also mediates growth cone collapse in response to Semaphorin by directly oxidizing F-actin, resulting in depolymerization. The C. elegans genome does not encode a multidomain MICAL-like molecule, but does encode five flavin monooxygenases (FMO-1, -2, -3, -4, and 5) and another molecule, EHBP-1, similar to the non-FMO portion of MICAL. Here we show that FMO-1, FMO-4, FMO-5, and EHBP-1 may play a role in UNC-6/Netrin directed repulsive guidance mediated through UNC-40 and UNC-5 receptors. Mutations in fmo-1, fmo-4, fmo-5, and ehbp-1 showed VD/DD axon guidance and branching defects, and variably enhanced unc-40 and unc-5 VD/DD axon guidance defects. Developing growth cones in vivo of fmo-1, fmo-4, fmo-5, and ehbp-1 mutants displayed excessive filopodial protrusion, and transgenic expression of FMO-5 inhibited growth cone protrusion. Mutations suppressed growth cone inhibition caused by activated UNC-40 and UNC-5 signaling, and activated Rac GTPase CED-10 and MIG-2, suggesting that these molecules are required downstream of UNC-6/Netrin receptors and Rac GTPases. From these studies we conclude that FMO-1, FMO-4, FMO-5, and EHBP-1 represent new players downstream of UNC-6/Netrin receptors and Rac GTPases that inhibit growth cone filopodial protrusion in repulsive axon guidance
Recent Technological Developments on LGAD and iLGAD Detectors for Tracking and Timing Applications
This paper reports the last technological development on the Low Gain
Avalanche Detector (LGAD) and introduces a new architecture of these detectors
called inverse-LGAD (iLGAD). Both approaches are based on the standard
Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD) concept, commonly used in optical and X-ray
detection applications, including an internal multiplication of the charge
generated by radiation. The multiplication is inherent to the basic n++-p+-p
structure, where the doping profile of the p+ layer is optimized to achieve
high field and high impact ionization at the junction. The LGAD structures are
optimized for applications such as tracking or timing detectors for high energy
physics experiments or medical applications where time resolution lower than 30
ps is required. Detailed TCAD device simulations together with the electrical
and charge collection measurements are presented through this work.Comment: Keywords: silicon detectors, avalanche multiplication, timing
detectors, tracking detectors. 8 pages. 8 Figure
Estimation of genomic breeding values for traits with high and low heritability in Brown Swiss bulls
This paper was written in the framework of the LowInputBreeds project: âDevelopment of integrated livestock breeding and management strategies to improve animal health, product quality and performance in European organic and âlow inputâ milk, meat and egg productionâ. The LowInputBreeds project unites 21 partners from Europe and further afield and will develop integrated breeding and management strategies to tackle the issue of improved animal health and food quality. It will run until 2014 and is co-funded by the European Unionâs Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
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