Spontaneous showering of tumor emboli in a patient with advanced primary lung cancer: a case report

Extension of primary lung tumors into the left atrium via pulmonary veins is a well-documented phenomenon. Peripheral arterial embolism and cerebral embolism originating from a primary lung neoplasm are rare events. We report a case of simultaneous acute bilateral lower limb ischemia, bilateral renal infarction, splenic infarction and cerebral infarction as a result of multiple emboli originating from primary lung malignancy invasion of the left atrium. An emergent embolectomy revealed pathologic features of the extracted thrombus that were identical to the pulmonary neoplasm

The effect of Smog-Ozone warnings and a vanpool program on traffic volume in york county of south carolina

Ground-level ozone is a critical criteria pollutant that is significantly generated by transportation patterns. We study the effect of smog–ozone warnings, triggered by the Environmental Protection Agency, on traffic volume in York County, South Carolina during the period 2006–10. In addition, the subperiods 2006–07 and 2008–10, where the ozone smog-alert thresholds 0.080 parts per million (ppm) and 0.075 ppm, respectively, are examined. The approach followed in this paper is a differences-in-differences (DID) regression. Additionally, a regression discontinuity design in the DID framework is applied. We find a negative and significant decrease in weekday peak-hour traffic volume in the treatment group during 2008–10

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF 58 TRANSPORTATION CONTROL MEASURES

Often when public agencies allocate funding for transportation programs, evaluation of a project\u27s performance becomes an afterthought, if a consideration at all. Relatively recently, evaluation of project performance has garnered attention as a means for both assessing how cost effectively public funds help attain transportation and air quality objectives and guiding future public investment decisions. Nonetheless, these efforts suffer at times from a lack of coordination and would benefit from the application of a standardized method. Such a standardized method is applied to evaluate the cost effectiveness of three categories of transportation control measure (TCM) projects: fixed-route transit, transportation demand management (TDM), and alternative fuel projects. The method provides a means for estimating and quantifying travel mode effects and converting them to net emissions benefits. Three sets of funding programs implemented in California were the subjects of evaluation efforts in which the standardized method was applied. The results of these evaluations are presented, and conclusions are suggested about project cost effectiveness on the basis of project data and comparisons across categories of projects. On the basis of the evaluation of 58 projects, TDM projects other than telecommunications projects were cost effective compared with alternative fuel and fixed-route transit projects. In light of the key evaluation findings, an approach and framework for future evaluations of TCM projects to ensure consistency and comparability are proposed. Some future uses of the evaluation data in the form of a centralized database are also suggested

Detection of interstellar H 2 CCCHC 3 N: A possible link between chains and rings in cold cores

Context. The chemical pathways linking the small organic molecules commonly observed in molecular clouds to the large, complex, polycyclic species long suspected of being carriers of the ubiquitous unidentified infrared emission bands remain unclear. Aims. To investigate whether the formation of mono- and polycyclic molecules observed in cold cores could form via the bottom-up reaction of ubiquitous carbon-chain species with, for example, atomic hydrogen, a search is made for possible intermediates in data taken as part of the GOTHAM (GBT Observations of TMC-1: Hunting for Aromatic Molecules) project. Methods. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) source models were run to obtain column densities and excitation temperatures. Astrochemical models were run to examine possible formation routes, including (a) a novel grain-surface pathway involving the hydrogenation of C6N and HC6N, (b) purely gas-phase reactions between C3N and both propyne (CH3CCH) and allene (CH2CCH2), and (c) via the reaction CN + H2CCCHCCH. Results. We report the first detection of cyanoacetyleneallene (H2CCCHC3N) in space toward the TMC-1 cold cloud using the Robert C. Byrd 100 m Green Bank Telescope. Cyanoacetyleneallene may represent an intermediate between less-saturated carbon chains, such as the cyanopolyynes, that are characteristic of cold cores and the more recently discovered cyclic species, such as cyanocyclopentadiene. Results from our models show that the gas-phase allene-based formation route in particular produces abundances of H2CCCHC3N that match the column density of 2 × 1011 cm−2 obtained from the MCMC source model, and that the grain-surface route yields large abundances on ices that could potentially be important as precursors for cyclic molecules.</jats:p

Detection of interstellar H

Context. The chemical pathways linking the small organic molecules commonly observed in molecular clouds to the large, complex, polycyclic species long suspected of being carriers of the ubiquitous unidentified infrared emission bands remain unclear. Aims. To investigate whether the formation of mono- and polycyclic molecules observed in cold cores could form via the bottom-up reaction of ubiquitous carbon-chain species with, for example, atomic hydrogen, a search is made for possible intermediates in data taken as part of the GOTHAM (GBT Observations of TMC-1: Hunting for Aromatic Molecules) project. Methods. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) source models were run to obtain column densities and excitation temperatures. Astrochemical models were run to examine possible formation routes, including (a) a novel grain-surface pathway involving the hydrogenation of C6N and HC6N, (b) purely gas-phase reactions between C3N and both propyne (CH3CCH) and allene (CH2CCH2), and (c) via the reaction CN + H2CCCHCCH. Results. We report the first detection of cyanoacetyleneallene (H2CCCHC3N) in space toward the TMC-1 cold cloud using the Robert C. Byrd 100 m Green Bank Telescope. Cyanoacetyleneallene may represent an intermediate between less-saturated carbon chains, such as the cyanopolyynes, that are characteristic of cold cores and the more recently discovered cyclic species, such as cyanocyclopentadiene. Results from our models show that the gas-phase allene-based formation route in particular produces abundances of H2CCCHC3N that match the column density of 2 × 1011 cm−2 obtained from the MCMC source model, and that the grain-surface route yields large abundances on ices that could potentially be important as precursors for cyclic molecules