Covariant constraints for generic massive gravity and analysis of its characteristics

We perform a covariant constraint analysis of massive gravity valid for its entire parameter space, demonstrating that the model generically propagates five degrees of freedom; this is also verified by a new and streamlined Hamiltonian description. The constraint's covariant expression permits computation of the model's caustics. Although new features such as the dynamical Riemann tensor appear in the characteristic matrix, the model still exhibits the pathologies uncovered in earlier work: superluminality and likely acausalities.Comment: 26 pages LaTeX, references added, version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Nonlinear partially massless from massive gravity?

We show that consistent nonlinear partially massless models cannot be obtained starting from “f-g” massive gravity, with “f” the embedding de Sitter space. The obstruction, which is also the source of f-g acausality, is the very same fifth constraint that removes the notorious sixth ghost excitation. Here, however, it blocks extension of the gauge invariance (appearing for mass to de Sitter cosmological constant tunings) that removed the helicity-zero mode at linear level. Separately, our methods allow us to almost complete the proof that all f-g models are acausal

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERBUK KAYU SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI AGREGAT HALUS DAN BESTMITTEL SEBAGAI ZAT ADITIF TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON

ABSTRAC The more advanced and rapid development in Indonesia, especially in the field of concrete construction, therefore concrete is required to be more innovative in order to produce more economical and high quality concrete and a faster hardening process in order to save time in the work of a building. This study uses added material in the form of teak wood powder as a substitute for fine aggregate as much as 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and bestmittel additives as much as 0.5%. The addition of sawdust was carried out to determine its effect on the compressive strength of concrete, this study also added bestmittel additives to accelerate hardening of the concrete and increase the quality of the compressive strength of concrete. In this study, the concrete was made in the form of a cylinder with a size of 15 cm x 30 cm with a total of 36 specimens, the test was carried out within 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days with a concrete quality of fc' 25 MPa based on SNI 03-2834- 2000. The test results showed that the compressive strength of concrete at 0% sawdust was 26.124 MPa, 2.5% sawdust and bestmittel 0.5% was 27.067 MPa, 5% sawdust and 0.5% bestmittel was 22.541 MPa, 7 sawdust. 5% and bestmittel 0.5% of 20.56 MPa. This shows that the addition of sawdust as a substitute for fine aggregate and bestmittel additives increases the compressive strength of concrete by 3.609% at the percentage of 2.5% sawdust and 0.5% bestmittel additives, while the addition of 5% and 7.5 percentages of sawdust. % with 0.5% bestmittel additives tend to experience a decrease in the compressive strength of concrete. Keywords : Concrete, sawdust, bestmittel, compressive strengthABSTRAK   Semakin maju dan pesatnya pembangunan di Indonesia terutama pada bidang konstruksi beton, oleh karena itu beton dituntut untuk lebih berinovasi agar dapat menghasilkan beton yang lebih ekonomis dan mempunyai kualitas tinggi serta proses pengerasan yang lebih cepat supaya mengefisien waktu dalam pekerjaan suatu bangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan tambah berupa serbuk kayu jati sebagai substitusi agregat halus sebanyak 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan zat aditif bestmittel sebanyak 0,5%. Penambahan serbuk kayu dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kuat tekan beton, penelitian ini juga menambahkan zat aditif bestmittel untuk mempercepat pengerasan pada beton serta menambah mutu kuat tekan beton. Dalam penelitian ini beton dibuat dalam bentuk silinder dengan ukuran 15 cm x 30 cm dengan jumlah benda uji keseluruhan sebanyak 36 buah, pengujian dilakukan dalam waktu 7 hari, 14 hari, dan 28 hari dengan mutu beton fc’ 25 MPa berdasarkan SNI 03-2834-2000. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kuat tekan  beton pada persentase serbuk kayu 0% sebesar 26,124 MPa, serbuk kayu 2,5% dan bestmittel 0,5% sebesar 27,067 MPa, serbuk kayu 5% dan bestmittel 0,5% sebesar 22,541 MPa, serbuk kayu 7,5% dan bestmittel 0,5% sebesar 20,56 MPa. Hal ini menunjukkan  bahwa penambahan serbuk kayu sebagai substitusi agregat halus dan zat aditif bestmittel meningkatkan kuat tekan beton sebesar 3,609% pada persentase serbuk kayu 2,5% dan zat aditif bestmittel 0,5%, sedangkan penambahan persentase serbuk kayu 5% dan 7,5% dengan zat aditif bestmittel 0,5% cenderung mengalami penurunan kuat tekan beton. Kata Kunci : Beton, serbuk kayu, bestmittel, kuat tekan       &nbsp

Cardiovascular Diseases – a Cause to Worry in Indonesia

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels, have been associated with changes in peoples' lifestyles due to the improving economy. In Indonesia, the prevalence CVDs tend to increase recently following the improving of national economic development. In controlling CVD, Indonesian Government particularly Ministry of Health have launched CVD control programme including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. However, this policy should be disseminated to people. Thus, the general public is more health consciou

No consistent bimetric gravity?

Consistency of bimetric gravity relies on its having a gauge invariant, partially massless, limit. However, just as for single metric massive gravity, we argue that no such limit exists

Hand sanitisers for reducing illness absences in primary school children in New Zealand: a cluster randomised controlled trial study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>New Zealand has relatively high rates of morbidity and mortality from infectious disease compared with other OECD countries, with infectious disease being more prevalent in children compared with others in the population. Consequences of infectious disease in children may have significant economic and social impact beyond the direct effects of the disease on the health of the child; including absence from school, transmission of infectious disease to other pupils, staff, and family members, and time off work for parents/guardians. Reduction of the transmission of infectious disease between children at schools could be an effective way of reducing the community incidence of infectious disease. Alcohol based no-rinse hand sanitisers provide an alternative hand cleaning technology, for which there is some evidence that they may be effective in achieving this. However, very few studies have investigated the effectiveness of hand sanitisers, and importantly, the potential wider economic implications of this intervention have not been established.</p> <p>Aims</p> <p>The primary objective of this trial is to establish if the provision of hand sanitisers in primary schools in the South Island of New Zealand, in addition to an education session on hand hygiene, reduces the incidence rate of absence episodes due to illness in children. In addition, the trial will establish the cost-effectiveness and conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the intervention in this setting.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>A cluster randomised controlled trial will be undertaken to establish the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of hand sanitisers. Sixty-eight primary schools will be recruited from three regions in the South Island of New Zealand. The schools will be randomised, within region, to receive hand sanitisers and an education session on hand hygiene, or an education session on hand hygiene alone. Fifty pupils from each school in years 1 to 6 (generally aged from 5 to 11 years) will be randomly selected for detailed follow-up about their illness absences, providing a total of 3400 pupils. In addition, absence information will be collected on all children from the school rolls. Investigators not involved in the running of the trial, outcome assessors, and the statistician will be blinded to the group allocation until the analysis is completed.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ACTRN12609000478213</p

Evaluation of Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Assays Compared to Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09

Performance of indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assays and rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic was evaluated, along with the relative effects of age and illness severity on test accuracy. Clinicians and laboratories submitted specimens on patients with respiratory illness to public health from April to mid October 2009 for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing as part of pandemic H1N1 surveillance efforts in Orange County, CA; IFA and RIDT were performed in clinical settings. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain, now officially named influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, were calculated for 638 specimens. Overall, approximately 30% of IFA tests and RIDTs tested by PCR were falsely negative (sensitivity 71% and 69%, respectively). Sensitivity of RIDT ranged from 45% to 84% depending on severity and age of patients. In hospitalized children, sensitivity of IFA (75%) was similar to RIDT (84%). Specificity of tests performed on hospitalized children was 94% for IFA and 80% for RIDT. Overall sensitivity of RIDT in this study was comparable to previously published studies on pandemic H1N1 influenza and sensitivity of IFA was similar to what has been reported in children for seasonal influenza. Both diagnostic tests produced a high number of false negatives and should not be used to rule out influenza infection