Vangölü havzası ceviz bahçelerindeki yaprakbiti türleri ve doğal düŞmanlarının populasyon değiİimi

Özet: Vangölü havzasında 2005-2006 yıllarında yürütülen çalı?mada, ceviz bahçelerindeki yaprakbiti türleri (Chromaphis juglandicola ve Panaphis juglandis) ile bunların parazitoit ve predatörlerinin populasyon yoğunlukları belirlenmi?tir. Çalı?ma Adilcevaz ve Geva? ilçelerinden seçilen iki bahçede yürütülmü?tür. Chromaphis juglandicola populasyonu çalı?manın her iki yılında ve her iki bahçede dü?ük düzeyde kalmı?, P. juglandis populasyonu ise yaz ba?ında olu?maya ba?lamı? ve yaz ortalarında en yüksek düzeyine ula?arak ekonomik zarar e?ik değerini geçmi?tir. Daha sonra populasyonu dü?meye ba?lamı? ve vejetasyon döneminin sonuna kadar dü?ük düzeyde seyretmi?tir. Ceviz bahçelerinde yaprak bitlerinin avcıları olarak Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Anthocoridae, Miridae (Hemiptera), Chrysopidae ve Hemerobidae (Neuroptera) familyalarına bağlı türler belirlenmi?tir. Bunlar arasında Adalia fasciatopunctata revelierei (Mulsant) Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ve Orius spp. en yaygın ve populasyonları en yüksek türler olarak belirlenmi?tir. Her iki yaprak biti türünün parazitoidi olarak Trioxys pallidus Haliday saptanmı? ve parazitoidin yaprakbitlerinin dü?ük yoğunluklarında etkili olduğu belirlenmi?tirAbstract: The seasonal abundance of the aphid species Chromaphis juglandicola and Panaphis juglandis) and their parasitoid and predators was investigated at two sites in Lake Van Basin in consecutive years (2005-2006). Populations of C. juglandicola remained low at both sites in both years but populations of P. juglandis began to develop in early summer and reached their highest level, which was considered above the economic threshold, in mid- summer. Populations then declined and fluctuated at a low level until the end of the season. Species belonging to Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Anthocoridae, Miridae (Hemiptera), Chrysopidae and Hemerobidae (Neuroptera) were predators. Adalia fasciatopunctata revelierei (Mulsant), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Orius spp. were the most abundant predators. Trioxys pallidus Haliday was the only species parasitizing both aphid species in walnut orchards and it appears to be effective in suppressing populations of the aphids to low level

The prevalence of microalbuminuria and relevant cardiovascular risk factors in Turkish hypertensive patients.

Objectives: A growing body of data illustrates the importance of microalbuminuria (MAU) as a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk in the hypertensive population. The present study was designed to define the prevalence of MAU and associated cardiovascular risk factors among Turkish hypertensive outpatients. Study design: Representing the Turkish arm of the multinational i-SEARCH study involving 1,750 sites in 26 countries around the world, a total of 1,926 hypertensive patients from different centers were included in this observational and cross-sectional survey study. Patients with reasons for a false-positive MAU test were excluded. The prevalence of MAU was assessed using a dipstick test, and patients were inquired about comorbidities, comedication, and known cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of MAU was 64.7% and there was no difference between genders. Most of the patients (82.5%) had uncontrolled hypertension, 35.6% had dyslipidemia, and 35.5% had diabetes, predominantly type 2. Almost one-third of the patients (26.4%) had at least one cardiovascular-related comorbidity, with 20.3% having documented coronary artery disease (CAD). Almost all patients (96.8%) had one or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease in addition to hypertension, including family history of myocardial infarction or CAD, diabetes, dyslipidemia, lack of physical exercise, and smoking. A trend towards higher MAU values in the presence of CAD was determined. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria tests should be routinely used as a screening and monitoring tool for the assessment of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hypertensive patients. © 2011 Turkish Society of Cardiology

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research