Bnip3 as a Dual Regulator of Mitochondrial Turnover and Cell Death in the Myocardium

The Bcl-2 adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 3 (Bnip3) is a pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Studies over the past decade have provided insight into how Bnip3 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent cell death in cells. More recently, Bnip3 was identified as a potent inducer of autophagy in cells. However, the functional role of Bnip3-mediated autophagy has been difficult to define and remains controversial. New evidence has emerged suggesting that Bnip3 is an important regulator of mitochondrial turnover via autophagy in the myocardium. Also, studies suggest that the induction of Bnip3-dependent mitochondrial autophagy is a separately activated process independent of Bax/Bak and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This review discusses the current understanding of the functional role that Bnip3 plays in the myocardium. Recent studies suggest that Bnip3 might have a dual function in the myocardium, where it regulates both mitochondrial turnover via autophagy and cell death and that these are two separate processes activated by Bnip3

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОСНОВНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПОДРОСТКОВ В ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Objective. To study the physical growth and development of adolescents (aged 13–16 years) living in the Tomsk region. Material and Methods. This study is a framework (№299 from 18.07.2011) of the Department of Health Care of Tomsk region, we analyzed the results of medical examinations of adolescents (n = 7120, average age 13.98 ± 0.04, 49.87% – boys). Measurements of height and weight, the circumference of the chest and head (data rounded to 0.1 kg and 0.1 cm, respectively) are taken. The body mass index (BMI) is calculated as the ratio of weight (kg) / height2 (m2). Statistical analysis was performed using the software package Statistica for Windows 10.0 and the software StatCalc 6.0.Results. Average height of adolescents is (163.10 ± 0.09) cm. On Average boys are taller than girls ((165.34 ± 0.15) cm and (160.87 ± 0.11) cm, p < 0.001). The body weight is (53.99 ± 0.13) kg (boys – (55.28 ± 0.20) kg, girls – (52.72 ± 0.17) kg, p < 0.001). Boys chest circumference is (79.26 ± 0.30) cm, girls is (79.99 ± 0.13) cm, head circumference are (55.43 ± 0.07) cm and (54.77 ± 0.04) cm, respectively (p < 0.01). The results show difference between Tomsk boys and rest of the Russia Federation. The average BMI is (20.20 ± 0.04) kg/m2 (girls – (20.32 ± 0.07), boys – (20.08 ± 0.06) kg/m2). The urban lifestyle in Tomsk Region leads to boys obesity.Conclusion. The study revealed the regional physical growth and development characteristics. Anthropometric data in Tomsk region adolescents are higher than the same data in RF.Цель исследования: изучить особенности физического развития подростков, проживающих в Томской области.Материал и методы. В настоящем исследовании проанализированы результаты диспансеризации подростков в возрасте 13–16 лет, проведенной в рамках распоряжения Департамента здравоохранения Томской области № 299 от 18.07.2011 (7120 человек, средний возраст (13,98 ± 0,04) года). Проводили измерение длины и массы тела (данные фиксировали с точностью до 0,1 кг и 0,1 см соответственно), окружности груди и головы с точностью до 0,1 см. Индекс массы тела (ИМТ) рассчитывали как соотношение вес (кг) / рост (м2). Статистическую обработку результатов проводили при помощи пакета программ Statistica for Windows 10.0 и программного продукта StatCalc 6.0.Результаты. Средний рост включенных в исследование подростков составил (163,10 ± 0,09) см, юноши имели более высокий рост при сравнении с девушками ((165,34 ± 0,15) и (160,87 ± 0,11) см, р < 0,001). Средняя масса тела участников исследования составила (53,99 ± 0,13) кг (юноши – (55,28 ± 0,20) кг, девушки – (52,72 ± 0,17) кг, р < 0,001). При сравнении со средними антропометрическими российскими показателями выявлено, что ростовые показатели подростков, а также масса тела юношей Томской области превышали аналогичные средние показатели по России. Средний показатель окружности груди у мальчиков составил (79,26 ± 0,30) см, у девочек – (79,99 ± 0,13) см, окружности головы – (55,43 ± 0,07) и (54,77 ± 0,04) см соответственно, р < 0,01. При сравнении с общероссийскими показателями выявлены более высокие показатели окружности головы и груди у подростков Томской области. Среднее значение ИМТ у подростков составило (20,20 ± 0,04) кг/м2, (девушки – (20,32 ± 0,07), юноши – (20,08 ± 0,06) кг/м2). Стратификация детей по ИМТ в зависимости от пола и района проживания выявила ассоциацию ожирения с мужским полом и городским образом жизни.Заключение. ВМЛВ. Проведенное исследование позволило выявить региональные особенности физического развития детей. Антропометрические показатели подростков в Томской области характеризуется более высокими данными роста, массы тела, окружности груди и головы в сравнении с аналогичными параметрами в РФ

FEATURES OF THE MAIN INDICATORS OF THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEENAGERS IN THE TOMSK REGION

Objective. To study the physical growth and development of adolescents (aged 13–16 years) living in the Tomsk region. Material and Methods. This study is a framework (№299 from 18.07.2011) of the Department of Health Care of Tomsk region, we analyzed the results of medical examinations of adolescents (n = 7120, average age 13.98 ± 0.04, 49.87% – boys). Measurements of height and weight, the circumference of the chest and head (data rounded to 0.1 kg and 0.1 cm, respectively) are taken. The body mass index (BMI) is calculated as the ratio of weight (kg) / height2 (m2). Statistical analysis was performed using the software package Statistica for Windows 10.0 and the software StatCalc 6.0.Results. Average height of adolescents is (163.10 ± 0.09) cm. On Average boys are taller than girls ((165.34 ± 0.15) cm and (160.87 ± 0.11) cm, p < 0.001). The body weight is (53.99 ± 0.13) kg (boys – (55.28 ± 0.20) kg, girls – (52.72 ± 0.17) kg, p < 0.001). Boys chest circumference is (79.26 ± 0.30) cm, girls is (79.99 ± 0.13) cm, head circumference are (55.43 ± 0.07) cm and (54.77 ± 0.04) cm, respectively (p < 0.01). The results show difference between Tomsk boys and rest of the Russia Federation. The average BMI is (20.20 ± 0.04) kg/m2 (girls – (20.32 ± 0.07), boys – (20.08 ± 0.06) kg/m2). The urban lifestyle in Tomsk Region leads to boys obesity.Conclusion. The study revealed the regional physical growth and development characteristics. Anthropometric data in Tomsk region adolescents are higher than the same data in RF

Highly selective reactions of C(60)Cl(6) with thiols for the synthesis of functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives

Chlorofullerene C(60)Cl(6) undergoes highly selective reactions with thiols forming compounds C(60)[SR](5)H with high yields. These reactions open up straightforward synthetic routes to many functionalized fullerene derivatives, e.g. water-soluble compounds showing interesting biological activities.status: publishe

Kinetics of the reaction of Mer-tris(picolinato)iron(III) with hydrogen peroxide in pyridine: Role of hydroxyl radicals in subsequent catalytic oxygenation of cyclohexane to the ketone

Reaction of pale-green high spin mer-tris(picolinato)iron(III) with t-butylhydroperoxide in pyridine gives rise to an EPR signal for the t-butylperoxyl radical via a short lived purple intermediate which itself decays eventually to a yellow-brown high spin iron(III) product. The kinetics of the corresponding reaction with hydrogen peroxide have been studied in regard to the dependence of the hydrogen peroxide and picolinic acid concentration on the rate of the initial stages. The results support two rate-determining initial steps (minutes) involving the formation of a short lived purple high spin hydroperoxo- or t-butylperoxoiron(III) intermediate (lambda(max) = 530 mn, epsilon similar to 1,000 dm(3) mol(-1) cm(-1) for the hydroperoxo species) via pre-equilibrium loss of one picolinic acid which then undergoes homolytic Fe-O bond cleavage to give iron(II) and hydroperoxyl (t-butylperoxyl) radical resulting in eventual formation of deep yellow-brown solution which undergoes further complex UV-visible changes over a period of several hours. During this latter timescale these solutions are able to carry out Gif-type catalytic oxygenation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone in the presence of H2O2 (or O-2/pyH(+)/Zn powder) a process which however is completely inhibited in the presence of small amounts of dimethylsulfoxide, an efficient scavenger of the hydroxyl radical. Bis(picolinato)copper(II) was found to be a poor oxygenation catalyst, a finding consistent with its inability to generate the hydroxyl radical via Cu(I) under the same conditions. These results confirm that generation of hydroxyl radicals (via reaction of H2O2 with iron(II) or any other suitably reactive lower valent state) is central to the oxygenation chemistry carried out by these solutions.</p