30,857 research outputs found
Spin dynamics across the superfluid-insulator transition of spinful bosons
Bosons with non-zero spin exhibit a rich variety of superfluid and insulating
phases. Most phases support coherent spin oscillations, which have been the
focus of numerous recent experiments. These spin oscillations are Rabi
oscillations between discrete levels deep in the insulator, while deep in the
superfluid they can be oscillations in the orientation of a spinful condensate.
We describe the evolution of spin oscillations across the superfluid-insulator
quantum phase transition. For transitions with an order parameter carrying
spin, the damping of such oscillations is determined by the scaling dimension
of the composite spin operator. For transitions with a spinless order parameter
and gapped spin excitations, we demonstrate that the damping is determined by
an associated quantum impurity problem of a localized spin excitation
interacting with the bulk critical modes. We present a renormalization group
analysis of the quantum impurity problem, and discuss the relationship of our
results to experiments on ultracold atoms in optical lattices.Comment: 43 pages (single-column format), 8 figures; v2: corrected discussion
of fixed points in Section V
Determination of the effects of nozzle nonlinearities upon nonlinear stability of liquid propellant rocket motors
The research is reported concerning the development of a three-dimensional nonlinear nozzle admittance relation to be used as a boundary condition in the nonlinear combustion instability theories for liquid propellant rocket engines. The derivation of the nozzle wave equation and the application of the Galerkin method are discussed along with the nozzle response
Randomised feasibility study of a novel experience-based internet intervention to support self-management in chronic asthma.
ElectronicPeer reviewedPublisher PD
Quench dynamics across quantum critical points
We study the quantum dynamics of a number of model systems as their coupling
constants are changed rapidly across a quantum critical point. The primary
motivation is provided by the recent experiments of Greiner et al. (Nature 415,
39 (2002)) who studied the response of a Mott insulator of ultracold atoms in
an optical lattice to a strong potential gradient. In a previous work
(cond-mat/0205169), it had been argued that the resonant response observed at a
critical potential gradient could be understood by proximity to an Ising
quantum critical point describing the onset of density wave order. Here we
obtain numerical results on the evolution of the density wave order as the
potential gradient is scanned across the quantum critical point. This is
supplemented by studies of the integrable quantum Ising spin chain in a
transverse field, where we obtain exact results for the evolution of the Ising
order correlations under a time-dependent transverse field. We also study the
evolution of transverse superfluid order in the three dimensional case. In all
cases, the order parameter is best enhanced in the vicinity of the quantum
critical point.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Imaging memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: predicting the effects of temporal lobe resection
Functional magnetic resonance imaging can demonstrate the functional anatomy of cognitive processes. In patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, evaluation of preoperative verbal and visual memory function is important as anterior temporal lobe resections may result in material specific memory impairment, typically verbal memory decline following left and visual memory decline after right anterior temporal lobe resection. This study aimed to investigate reorganization of memory functions in temporal lobe epilepsy and to determine whether preoperative memory functional magnetic resonance imaging may predict memory changes following anterior temporal lobe resection. We studied 72 patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy (41 left) and 20 healthy controls. A functional magnetic resonance imaging memory encoding paradigm for pictures, words and faces was used testing verbal and visual memory in a single scanning session on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Fifty-four patients subsequently underwent left (29) or right (25) anterior temporal lobe resection. Verbal and design learning were assessed before and 4 months after surgery. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis revealed that in left temporal lobe epilepsy, greater left hippocampal activation for word encoding correlated with better verbal memory. In right temporal lobe epilepsy, greater right hippocampal activation for face encoding correlated with better visual memory. In left temporal lobe epilepsy, greater left than right anterior hippocampal activation on word encoding correlated with greater verbal memory decline after left anterior temporal lobe resection, while greater left than right posterior hippocampal activation correlated with better postoperative verbal memory outcome. In right temporal lobe epilepsy, greater right than left anterior hippocampal functional magnetic resonance imaging activation on face encoding predicted greater visual memory decline after right anterior temporal lobe resection, while greater right than left posterior hippocampal activation correlated with better visual memory outcome. Stepwise linear regression identified asymmetry of activation for encoding words and faces in the ipsilateral anterior medial temporal lobe as strongest predictors for postoperative verbal and visual memory decline. Activation asymmetry, language lateralization and performance on preoperative neuropsychological tests predicted clinically significant verbal memory decline in all patients who underwent left anterior temporal lobe resection, but were less able to predict visual memory decline after right anterior temporal lobe resection. Preoperative memory functional magnetic resonance imaging was the strongest predictor of verbal and visual memory decline following anterior temporal lobe resection. Preoperatively, verbal and visual memory function utilized the damaged, ipsilateral hippocampus and also the contralateral hippocampus. Memory function in the ipsilateral posterior hippocampus may contribute to better preservation of memory after surgery
A phenomenological model of the superconducting state of the Bechgaard salts
We present a group theoretical analysis of the superconducting state of the
Bechgaard salts, e.g., (TMTSF)_2PF_6 or (TMTSF)_2ClO_6. We show that there are
eight symmetry distinct superconducting states. Of these only the (fully
gapped, even frequency, p-wave, triplet) 'polar state' is consistent with the
full range of the experiments on the Bechgaard salts. The gap of the polar
state is d(k) (psi_uk,0,0), where psi_uk may be any odd parity function that is
translationally invariant.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
Improving the efficiency of the detection of gravitational wave signals from inspiraling compact binaries: Chebyshev interpolation
Inspiraling compact binaries are promising sources of gravitational waves for
ground and space-based laser interferometric detectors. The time-dependent
signature of these sources in the detectors is a well-characterized function of
a relatively small number of parameters; thus, the favored analysis technique
makes use of matched filtering and maximum likelihood methods. Current analysis
methodology samples the matched filter output at parameter values chosen so
that the correlation between successive samples is 97% for which the filtered
output is closely correlated. Here we describe a straightforward and practical
way of using interpolation to take advantage of the correlation between the
matched filter output associated with nearby points in the parameter space to
significantly reduce the number of matched filter evaluations without
sacrificing the efficiency with which real signals are recognized. Because the
computational cost of the analysis is driven almost exclusively by the matched
filter evaluations, this translates directly into an increase in computational
efficiency, which in turn, translates into an increase in the size of the
parameter space that can be analyzed and, thus, the science that can be
accomplished with the data. As a demonstration we compare the present "dense
sampling" analysis methodology with our proposed "interpolation" methodology,
restricted to one dimension of the multi-dimensional analysis problem. We find
that the interpolated search reduces by 25% the number of filter evaluations
required by the dense search with 97% correlation to achieve the same
efficiency of detection for an expected false alarm probability. Generalized to
higher dimensional space of a generic binary including spins suggests an order
of magnitude increase in computational efficiency.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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