Inhibitory control as a mediator of bidirectional effects between early oppositional behavior and maternal depression.

Maternal depression is an established risk factor for child conduct problems, but relatively few studies have tested whether children's behavioral problems exacerbate mothers' depression or whether other child behavioral characteristics (e.g., self-regulation) may mediate bidirectional effects between maternal depression and child disruptive behavior. This longitudinal study examined the parallel growth of maternal depressive symptoms and child oppositional behavior from ages 2 to 5; the magnitude and timing of their bidirectional effects; and whether child inhibitory control, a temperament-based self-regulatory mechanism, mediated effects between maternal depression and child oppositionality. A randomized control trial of 731 at-risk families assessed children annually from ages 2 to 5. Transactional models demonstrated positive and bidirectional associations between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's oppositional behavior from ages 2 to 3, with a less consistent pattern of reciprocal relations up to age 5. Mediation of indirect mother-child effects and child evocative effects depended on the rater of children's inhibitory control. Findings are discussed in regard to how child evocative effects and self-regulatory mechanisms may clarify the transmission of psychopathology within families

Fabrication of microprobes on a ultrathick glass substrate with narrow-pitch electrical feedthroughs for next-generation lsi burn-in tests

MEMS 2008, Tucson, AZ, USA, January 13-17, 200

Magnetic domain wall motion in a nanowire: depinning and creep

The domain wall motion in a magnetic nanowire is examined theoretically in the regime where the domain wall driving force is weak and its competition against disorders is assisted by thermal agitations. Two types of driving forces are considered; magnetic field and current. While the field induces the domain wall motion through the Zeeman energy, the current induces the domain wall motion by generating the spin transfer torque, of which effects in this regime remain controversial. The spin transfer torque has two mutually orthogonal vector components, the adiabatic spin transfer torque and the nonadiabatic spin transfer torque. We investigate separate effects of the two components on the domain wall depinning rate in one-dimensional systems and on the domain wall creep velocity in two-dimensional systems, both below the Walker breakdown threshold. In addition to the leading order contribution coming from the field and/or the nonadiabatic spin transfer torque, we find that the adiabatic spin transfer torque generates corrections, which can be of relevance for an unambiguous analysis of experimental results. For instance, it is demonstrated that the neglect of the corrections in experimental analysis may lead to incorrect evaluation of the nonadiabaticity parameter. Effects of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling on the domain wall motion are also analyzed.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Excited nucleon spectrum from lattice QCD with maximum entropy method

We study excited states of the nucleon in quenched lattice QCD with the spectral analysis using the maximum entropy method. Our simulations are performed on three lattice sizes $16^3\times 32$, $24^3\times 32$ and $32^3\times 32$, at $\beta=6.0$ to address the finite volume issue. We find a significant finite volume effect on the mass of the Roper resonance for light quark masses. After removing this systematic error, its mass becomes considerably reduced toward the direction to solve the level order puzzle between the Roper resonance $N'(1440)$ and the negative-parity nucleon $N^*(1535)$.Comment: Lattice2003(spectrum), 3 pages, 4 figure

The Matter and the Pseudoscalar Densities in Lattice QCD

The matter and the pseudoscalar densities inside a hadron are calculated via gauge-invariant equal-time correlation functions. A comparison is made between the charge charge and the matter density distributions for the pion, the rho, the nucleon and the $\Delta^+$ within the quenched theory, and with two flavours of dynamical quarks.Comment: Typos corrected; 13 pages, 16 figure

Preferred analysis methods for Affymetrix GeneChips revealed by a wholly defined control dataset

BACKGROUND: As more methods are developed to analyze RNA-profiling data, assessing their performance using control datasets becomes increasingly important. RESULTS: We present a 'spike-in' experiment for Affymetrix GeneChips that provides a defined dataset of 3,860 RNA species, which we use to evaluate analysis options for identifying differentially expressed genes. The experimental design incorporates two novel features. First, to obtain accurate estimates of false-positive and false-negative rates, 100-200 RNAs are spiked in at each fold-change level of interest, ranging from 1.2 to 4-fold. Second, instead of using an uncharacterized background RNA sample, a set of 2,551 RNA species is used as the constant (1x) set, allowing us to know whether any given probe set is truly present or absent. Application of a large number of analysis methods to this dataset reveals clear variation in their ability to identify differentially expressed genes. False-negative and false-positive rates are minimized when the following options are chosen: subtracting nonspecific signal from the PM probe intensities; performing an intensity-dependent normalization at the probe set level; and incorporating a signal intensity-dependent standard deviation in the test statistic. CONCLUSIONS: A best-route combination of analysis methods is presented that allows detection of approximately 70% of true positives before reaching a 10% false-discovery rate. We highlight areas in need of improvement, including better estimate of false-discovery rates and decreased false-negative rates

A New delta N Formalism for Multi-Component Inflation

The delta N formula that relates the final curvature perturbation on comoving slices to the inflaton perturbation on flat slices after horizon crossing is a powerful and intuitive tool to compute the curvature perturbation spectrum from inflation. However, it is customarily assumed further that the conventional slow-roll condition is satisfied, and satisfied by all components, during horizon crossing. In this paper, we develop a new delta N formalism for multi-component inflation that can be applied in the most general situations. This allows us to generalize the idea of general slow-roll inflation to the multi-component case, in particular only applying the general slow-roll condition to the relevant component. We compute the power spectrum of the curvature perturbation in multi-component general slow-roll inflation, and find that under quite general conditions it is invertible.Comment: 24 pages, no figur