Exchange rate misalignment and economic growth: recent evidence in Malaysia

The present study aims at investigating the growth effects of real exchange rate misalignments in Malaysia over the period 1991:1-2009:4. The RER misalignment is built through the estimation of the NATREX equilibrium model. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration framework, the results indicate the presence of positive and significant relationship between the RER misalignment and economic growth. This finding obtained is consistent with the notion that the RER misalignment through the distortion in relative price has systematic influence on the pattern of economic development

SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES Exchange Rate Misalignment and Economic Growth: Recent Evidence in Malaysia

ABSTRACT The present study aims at investigating the growth effects of real exchange rate misalignments in Malaysia over the period 1991:1-2009:4. The RER misalignment is built through the estimation of the NATREX equilibrium model. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration framework, the results indicate the presence of positive and significant relationship between the RER misalignment and economic growth. This finding obtained is consistent with the notion that the RER misalignment through the distortion in relative price has systematic influence on the pattern of economic development. JEL Classification: C13, C32, F43, O4

Penerapan Pendekatan Kontruktivis Sosial (Social Constructivist Approaches) dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi, Pemahaman, dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa

Islamic religious education is a conscious and deliberate effort in preparing learners to recognize, understand, to live up to believe in the teachings of Islam coupled with guidance to respect other faiths in conjunction with the harmony between religious believers to manifest the unity and the unity of the nation. Scaffolding is a technique to alter the level of support. During the teaching session, someone more expert (teacher, or students who are better able to) adjust the amount of guidance to the level of student performance that has been achieved. In this study the research methods used type class action (action research) with the object of research is a class X student of SMAN 1 Malang. For random sampling technique used by the sample of 35 students. After the data is collected, then the processing performed using SPSS version 16. The results showed that the use scaffolding method can improve the achievement and student understanding. In the first cycle the average value of class X subjects PAI II 71 and the cycle increased to 77 with a significance level of 0000 and the third cycle of student scores to 83

Hubungan Kepuasan Kerjaya dan Resiliensi Kerjaya dalam Kalangan Orang Kurang Upaya Masalah Pendengaran

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kepuasan kerjaya dan resiliensi kerjaya dalam kalangan Orang Kurang Upaya Masalah Pendengaran (OKU-MP) yang bekerja di Semenanjung Malaysia. Seramai 421 sampel (lelaki 264, perempuan 157) yang terlibat dalam kajian ini. Pemilihan sampel kajian dilaksanakan menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan. Satu set borang soal selidik yang diedarkan adalah meliputi Skala Kepuasan Kerjaya Umum (SKKU) dan Skala Resiliensi Kerjaya Orang Dewasa Kurang Upaya (SRK_OKU). Analisis korelasi Pearson digunakan dan menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang tinggi dan signifikan (r=.639, p=0.001) antara pemboleh ubah kepuasan kerjaya dan resiliensi kerjaya. Justeru, kedua-dua pemboleh ubah mempunyai hubung kait yang sangat dekat dan saling mempengaruhi

Assessing the Acute Toxicological Effects of <i>Annona muricata</i> Leaf Ethanol Extract on Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and Metabolomics Analyses

Annona muricata is a common plant used in Africa and South America to manage various types of disease. However, there is insufficient toxicological information or published standard available regarding repeated dose animal toxicity data. As part of the safety assessment, we exposed Sprague Dawley rats to an acute oral toxicity of A. muricata. The intent of the current study was to use advanced proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) in serum and urinary metabolomics evaluation techniques to provide the in vivo acute toxicological profile of A. muricata leaf ethanol extract in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) 423 guidelines. A single 2000 mg/kg dose of A. muricata leaf ethanol extract was administered to Sprague Dawley rats over an observational period of 14 days. The toxicity evaluation (physical and behavior observation, body weight, renal function test, liver function test and 1H NMR analysis) showed no abnormal toxicity. Histopathological analysis manifested mild changes, i.e., the treated kidney manifested mild hypercellularity of mesangial cells and mild red blood cell congestion. In addition, there was mild hemorrhage into tissue with scattered inflammatory cells and mild dilated central vein with fibrosis in the liver. However, the changes were very mild and not significant which correlate with other analyses conducted in this study (biochemical test and 1H NMR metabolomic analysis). On the other hand, urinary 1H NMR analysis collected on day 15 revealed high similarity on the metabolite variations for both untreated and treated groups. Importantly, the outcomes suggest that A. muricata leaf ethanol extract can be safely consumed at a dose of 2000 mg/kg and the LD50 must be more than 2000 mg/kg