Limits on the amplification of evanescent waves of left-handed materials

We investigate the transfer function of the discretized perfect lens in finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and transfer matrix (TMM) simulations; the latter allow to eliminate the problems associated with the explicit time dependence in FDTD simulations. We argue that the peak observed in the FDTD transfer function near the maximum parallel momentum $k_{\|,\mathrm{max}}$ is due to finite time artifacts. We also find the finite discretization mesh acts like imaginary deviations from $\mu=\epsilon=-1$ and leads to a cross-over in the transfer function from constance to exponential decay around $k_{\|,\mathrm{max}}$ limiting the attainable super-resolution. We propose a simple qualitative model to describe the impact of the discretization. $k_{\|,\mathrm{max}}$ is found to depend logarithmically on the mesh constant in qualitative agreement with the TMM simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

ETHNO-VETERINARY HERBAL REMEDIES OF GUJJARS AND OTHER FOLKLORE COMMUNITIES OF ALWAR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

The present study encompasses the in-depth investigation on Medicinal plants which were used on Ethno-veterinary medicine in the district of Alwar, Rajasthan India. The present ethno-botanical explorations conducted in the Alwar district of Rajasthan revealed that about 37 species of plants belonging to 32 genera under 24 families have been noticed which they use for veterinary health care. A total of 27 healers and herbal practitioners were interviewed during the study. Total of 47 remedies were recorded for 19 veterinary disease conditions of which 21 remedies were recorded under digestive disorders (9 remedies for bloat, 3 stomach pain and 5 for constipation, 3 food poison and 1 diarrhoea) 9 remedies under reproductive problems (3 for anoestrus, 2 for galactagogue, 3 for retained placenta, and 1 for prolapsed uterus). 5 remedies for diseases of sense organs (2 skin infection, 3 for wounds and maggot wounds). 2 remedies were documented under infectious disease (1 for Foot and Mouth Disease, 1 for Foot rot, 2 for Haemorrhagic septicemia). 1 remedy recorded for general fever. Following data includes botanical name of species, family name, vernacular name, plant part used method of medicine and details of the applications. Among the plant parts used in different formulations, leaves are predominantly used and scored number one position followed by fruits, roots/ rhizomes, stem and bark.

Spectrophotometric assay of immobilized tannase

A procedure for the assay of immobilized tannase with Polyacrylamide gel, collagen and Duolite-S-762 as matrices is described. It is based on the spectrophotometric determination of gallic acid formed by the enzymatic hydrolysis of tannic acid. The kinetic parameters of the enzymatic reaction have been studied and an assay procedure has been formulated. This method appears to be much more accurate than those reported earlier

Cost Analysis of Antihypertensive Agents in Rural Population: A Prospective Study

Objective: To calculate the direct medical and non-medical cost, indirect non-medical cost of prescription involved in the treatment of hypertension in rural inpatients at tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A cross sectional, prospective and patient based cost of illness study was conducted in tertiary care hospital, Chidambaram for 12 mo and 267 new prescriptions was selected for the analysis. The data collected from the prescription included patient's socio-demographics, hypertension stage, drug therapy consumption, anti-hypertensive category and cost of each drug. Drug procurement costs were calculated, by using the TNG medical supply list of the most commonly prescribed drugs, for each drug on a daily and annual basis.Results: Mean patient age were 60.6±10.5 y. 41.9% patients were having prevalence of hypertension at the age of above 60 y, 52.8% were males and 47.2% were females. The mean (systolic/diastolic) blood pressure was 141.8 mmHg (±15.2). Average annual direct medical costs were found to be ₹1,408,082.4, average annual direct non-medical cost was ₹9171.4 and the average annual indirect non-medical costs incurred by productivity loss were ₹10789.2.Conclusions: Direct and indirect non-medical costs have incurred high when compared with the other costs. The annual average total direct (medical and non-medical) costs per patient and total cost of illness were ₹1,417,253.8 and ₹27,993,470.0 respectively.Keywords: Cost-of-illness, Hypertension, Therapy consumption, Direct medical and non-medical cost, Indirect non-medical cost and morbidity cos

Polymer-nanocarbon composites, methods of making composites, and energy storage devices including the composite

Embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to composites including a carbon nanomaterial having a redox-active material, such as a polymer containing redox groups, disposed on the carbon nanomaterial, methods of making the composite, methods of storing energy, and the like

Analysis of Legacy System in Software Application Development: A Comparative Survey

Software evolution is one of the challenging issues in today’s business environment. It is necessary for the organizations, which make use of Information, and Communication Technologies will have to align their business processes to compete with global business. The existing large software systems (“legacy” systems) have never been built to cope with the current business requirement for their poor coding, design structures, logic and documentation. Moreover, Legacy applications have various problems such as lack of up to-date documentation, skilled man power, resources of the Legacy applications, and high maintenance costs. Even though the Legacy system is obsolete, it contains detailed business rules and in continuous use, because it satisfies the users' needs and forms the backbone of the information flow of organization. One of the possible solutions is to refactor or modernize those systems into a new platform. It is necessary to analyse the existing legacy system for better understanding the business logic and its functionalities. This paper analyses various techniques proposed for understanding Legacy systems in existence

EFFICIENT ROUND ROBIN CPU SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR OPERATING SYSTEMS

The main objective of this paper is to develop a new approach for round robin C P U scheduling algorithm which improves the performance of CPU in real time operating system. The proposed Priority based Round-Robin CPU Scheduling algorithm is based on the integration of round-robin and priority scheduling algorithm. It retains the advantage of round robin in reducing starvation and also integrates the advantage of priority scheduling. The proposed algorithm also implements the concept of aging by assigning new priorities to the processes. Existing round robin CPU scheduling algorithm cannot be implemented in real time operating system due to their high context switch rates, large waiting time, large response time, large turnaround time and less throughput. The proposed algorithm improves all the drawbacks of round robin CP U scheduling algorithm. The paper also presents the comparative analysis of proposed algorithm with existing round robin scheduling algorithm on the basis of varying time quantum, average waiting time, average turnaround time and number of context switches

ADENOSINEDEAMINASE ACTIVITY IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FOR DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS MENINGITIS

Background:Tuberculous meningitis remains a serious clinical problem. Missed diagnosis and delayed treatment result in significant morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: The study was aimed to estimate the cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase levels in clinically suspected cases of meningitis and to evaluate the usefulness of CSF-ADA as a diagnostic test in tuberculosis meningitis.Methods: Adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) was studied in cerebrospinal fluid of 30 cases of tuberculous meningitis, 10 cases of pyogenic meningitis. 14 cases of aseptic meningitis and 15 controls (patients without any neurological disorders who were given spinal anesthesia).Results: The mean cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activity was 14.1±1.96; 4.92±1.27; 3.66±1.03 and 1.69±0.44 U/l in tuberculous meningitis, pyogenic meningitis, aseptic meningitis and control respectively. The adenosine deaminase activity in tuberculous meningitis cases was significantly higher. The sensitivity and specificity of this test for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis was 100 % and 97.44% respectively with ADA value of more than 10 U/L. Conclusion: Adenosine deaminase activity in CSF is a rapid, relatively inexpensive and easy procedure, can be of great value in the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, help in earlier institution of appropriate treatment and thereby prevent mortality and complications